The legalization of cannabis has always been a very polarizing issue: according to its supporters, it could be the solution to many problems (prison overcrowding, the war against organized crime, increased tax revenues, and the reduction of public spending), while according to its critics it would just cause new ones (a dramatic increase in drugs consumption and a rose of public health spending). Therefore, this thesis aims to evaluate this issue as objectively as possible, analyzing the consequences that this type of policy might have in the Italian context, with special attention to the effects on public accounts. In order to provide the most accurate picture possible, it has been analyzed the way in which other world countries (Uruguay, Canada, Washington, California) have regulated the cannabis sector, to understand which critical issues they have faced, how they have dealt with them and what results they have obtained, especially on the fiscal front. As for the Italian case, the analysis focused on the proposed law C.3235 of 2015, bearing "provisions on the legalization of the cultivation, processing, and sale of cannabis and its derivatives", to understand, in case it would be approved, what result it would achieve. Finally, the conclusions compare the costs and benefits provided by a repressive context to those provided by a regulated one, to concretely demonstrate which path is worth to be pursued.
La legalizzazione della Cannabis è un tema da sempre molto divisivo: secondo i sostenitori potrebbe essere la soluzione a numerosi problemi (sovraffollamento carcerario, lotta alla criminalità organizzata, aumento di gettito fiscale e riduzione della spesa pubblica), mentre secondo i detrattori ne causerebbe di nuovi (aumento vertiginoso dei consumi e aumento della spesa pubblica in Sanità). Pertanto, l'intento di questa tesi è valutare nella maniera più oggettiva possibile la questione, analizzando le conseguenze che questo tipo di policy potrebbe avere nel contesto italiano, facendo particolare attenzione alle ricadute sui conti pubblici. Al fine di delineare un quadro quanto più preciso possibile, è stato analizzato il modo in cui altri Paesi nel Mondo (Uruguay, Canada, Washington, California) hanno regolato il settore della Cannabis, per comprendere quali criticità hanno affrontato, in che modo le hanno risolte e quali risultati hanno ottenuto, soprattutto a livello fiscale. Per quanto riguarda il caso italiano, l'analisi si è concentrata sulla proposta di legge C.3235 del 2015, recante "disposizioni in materia di legalizzazione della coltivazione, della lavorazione e della vendita della cannabis e dei suoi derivati", per comprendere, nel caso in cui fosse stata approvata, che risultati avrebbe conseguito. Infine, nelle conclusioni si confrontano i costi e i benefici forniti da un contesto repressivo, rispetto a quelli forniti da un contesto regolato, per dimostrare concretamente quale strada conviene perseguire.
La legalizzazione della cannabis: analisi dell'impatto sulla finanza pubblica
PROIETTO, GIACOMO
2021/2022
Abstract
The legalization of cannabis has always been a very polarizing issue: according to its supporters, it could be the solution to many problems (prison overcrowding, the war against organized crime, increased tax revenues, and the reduction of public spending), while according to its critics it would just cause new ones (a dramatic increase in drugs consumption and a rose of public health spending). Therefore, this thesis aims to evaluate this issue as objectively as possible, analyzing the consequences that this type of policy might have in the Italian context, with special attention to the effects on public accounts. In order to provide the most accurate picture possible, it has been analyzed the way in which other world countries (Uruguay, Canada, Washington, California) have regulated the cannabis sector, to understand which critical issues they have faced, how they have dealt with them and what results they have obtained, especially on the fiscal front. As for the Italian case, the analysis focused on the proposed law C.3235 of 2015, bearing "provisions on the legalization of the cultivation, processing, and sale of cannabis and its derivatives", to understand, in case it would be approved, what result it would achieve. Finally, the conclusions compare the costs and benefits provided by a repressive context to those provided by a regulated one, to concretely demonstrate which path is worth to be pursued.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/10961