Background: Endometriosis is a complex condition characterized by a highly heterogeneous range of clinical and pathological manifestations. In recent years there has been a paradigm shift in diagnosis: from histological examination as the diagnostic gold standard to a more significant and important role for imaging, namely Transvaginal Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. However, the considerable heterogeneity of the disease and the relatively recent standardization of radiological diagnostic criteria make further validation of the concordance between imaging findings and pathological findings detected during laparoscopy necessary. Aim of the study: The primary endpoint is to measure and compare the diagnostic performance of Transvaginal Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in identifying deep endometriosis foci in the anterior and posterior compartments compared to the histological gold standard. The secondary endpoint is to measure and compare the diagnostic performance of Transvaginal Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in identifying endometriosis foci in a specific pelvic space, namely the lateral parametrium, compared to the histological gold standard. Materials and methods: This is a single-center retrospective observational study considering patients followed at the gynecological outpatient clinic dedicated to the treatment of endometriosis at the Azienda Ospedaliera-Università di Padova hospital. All patients underwent preoperative evaluation by Transvaginal Ultrasound according to the IDEA protocol (1,2) and pelvic Magnetic Resonance Imaging. The results obtained were compared with the histological findings obtained during surgery, considered as the diagnostic reference standard. Results: Initially, 65 patients were considered, but only 40 were selected for the study. Specifically, 19 patients were excluded due to incomplete imaging reports, while another 6 patients were excluded due to lack of histological confirmation of disease or histological documentation not yet available. For the anterior compartment, both methods showed low sensitivity, equal to 16.7%, and TV-US demonstrated lower specificity than MRI (88.2% vs. 97.1%). For the posterior compartment, TV-US sensitivity reached a value of 78.4%, surpassing MRI, which showed a sensitivity value of 54.1%. Finally, regarding the lateral parametrium, MRI proved superior, achieving a sensitivity value of 23.5%, while ultrasound achieved a sensitivity value of 17.6% but with higher specificity (95.7% for TV-US vs. 87.0% for MRI). Conclusions: In conclusion, our study found that Transvaginal Ultrasound is the first-choice method for evaluating the posterior compartment, while Magnetic Resonance Imaging appears slightly more suitable for evaluating the lateral parametrium. Regarding the anterior compartment, both methods proved inadequate for investigating this anatomical area. Furthermore, our study revealed a certain urgency in using unambiguous terminology to indicate the structures involved in deep endometriosis localizations, in order to make reporting and patient management as uniform as possible.
Background: L’endometriosi è una patologia complessa, caratterizzata da un quadro di manifestazioni cliniche e anatomopatologiche molto eterogeneo. In questi ultimi anni si è verificato un cambio di paradigma per quanto riguarda la diagnosi: si è passati dall’esame istologico quale Gold Standard diagnostico ad un utilizzo più significativo e importante dell’imaging, costituito dall’Ecografia Transvaginale e dalla Risonanza Magnetica. Tuttavia, la notevole eterogeneità della malattia e la relativamente recente standardizzazione dei criteri diagnostici radiologici rendono necessaria un'ulteriore validazione della concordanza tra i reperti ottenuti mediante imaging e quelli anatomopatologici rilevati in corso di laparoscopia. Scopo dello studio: L’endpoint primario è misurare e confrontare la performance diagnostica di Ecografia Transvaginale e Risonanza Magnetica nell’identificazione dei focolai di endometriosi profonda a livello del compartimento anteriore e posteriore rispetto al gold standard istologico. L’endpoint secondario è misurare e confrontare la performance diagnostica di Ecografia Transvaginale e Risonanza Magnetica nell’identificazione dei focolai di endometriosi a livello di uno spazio anatomico preciso della pelvi, ossia il parametrio laterale, rispetto al gold standard istologico. Materiali e metodi: Il seguente è uno studio osservazionale retrospettivo monocentrico che prende in considerazione le pazienti seguite presso l’ambulatorio ginecologico adibito per il trattamento dell’endometriosi all’interno dell’ospedale Azienda Ospedaliera-Università di Padova. Tutte le pazienti sono state sottoposte a valutazione preoperatoria mediante Ecografia Transvaginale secondo protocollo IDEA(1,2) e Risonanza Magnetica pelvica. I risultati ottenuti sono stati confrontati con i reperti istologici ottenuti durante l’intervento chirurgico, considerati come riferimento diagnostico. Risultati: Inizialmente sono state considerate 65 pazienti, ma solo 40 sono state selezionate per lo studio. In particolare, 19 pazienti sono state escluse per refertazione imaging incompleta mentre altre 6 pazienti per mancata conferma istologica di malattia o documentazione istologica non ancora disponibile. Per il compartimento anteriore, entrambe le metodiche hanno dimostrato una sensibilità bassa, pari a 16,7% e l’ECO-TV ha dimostrato una specificità minore rispetto alla MRI (88,2% vs. 97,1%). Per il compartimento posteriore, la sensibilità dell’ECO-TV ha ottenuto un valore pari a 78,4%, superando la Risonanza che ha presentato un valore di sensibilità pari al 54,1%. Infine, per quanto riguarda il parametrio laterale, la Risonanza si è mostrata superiore ottenendo un valore di sensibilità pari al 23,5% mentre l’ecografia ha ottenuto un valore di sensibilità pari a 17,6% ed una specificità maggiore (95,7% per ECO-TV vs. 87,0% per MRI). Conclusioni: In conclusione, all’interno del nostro studio è stato riscontrato che l’Ecografia Transvaginale sia la metodica di prima scelta per lo studio del compartimento posteriore mentre la Risonanza Magnetica si presenta leggermente più adatta per la valutazione del parametrio laterale. Per quanto riguarda il compartimento anteriore, entrambe le metodiche si sono rilevate non adeguate all’indagine di questa zona anatomica. Inoltre, dal nostro studio è emersa una certa urgenza nell’utilizzo un linguaggio univoco per indicare le strutture coinvolte dalle localizzazioni di endometriosi profonda al fine di rendere la refertazione e la gestione della paziente quanto più uniforme.
Mapping pre-operatorio dell'endometriosi profonda: analisi comparativa delle tecniche di imaging e affidabilità nei diversi compartimenti pelvici
CHINELLO, CHIARA
2025/2026
Abstract
Background: Endometriosis is a complex condition characterized by a highly heterogeneous range of clinical and pathological manifestations. In recent years there has been a paradigm shift in diagnosis: from histological examination as the diagnostic gold standard to a more significant and important role for imaging, namely Transvaginal Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. However, the considerable heterogeneity of the disease and the relatively recent standardization of radiological diagnostic criteria make further validation of the concordance between imaging findings and pathological findings detected during laparoscopy necessary. Aim of the study: The primary endpoint is to measure and compare the diagnostic performance of Transvaginal Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in identifying deep endometriosis foci in the anterior and posterior compartments compared to the histological gold standard. The secondary endpoint is to measure and compare the diagnostic performance of Transvaginal Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in identifying endometriosis foci in a specific pelvic space, namely the lateral parametrium, compared to the histological gold standard. Materials and methods: This is a single-center retrospective observational study considering patients followed at the gynecological outpatient clinic dedicated to the treatment of endometriosis at the Azienda Ospedaliera-Università di Padova hospital. All patients underwent preoperative evaluation by Transvaginal Ultrasound according to the IDEA protocol (1,2) and pelvic Magnetic Resonance Imaging. The results obtained were compared with the histological findings obtained during surgery, considered as the diagnostic reference standard. Results: Initially, 65 patients were considered, but only 40 were selected for the study. Specifically, 19 patients were excluded due to incomplete imaging reports, while another 6 patients were excluded due to lack of histological confirmation of disease or histological documentation not yet available. For the anterior compartment, both methods showed low sensitivity, equal to 16.7%, and TV-US demonstrated lower specificity than MRI (88.2% vs. 97.1%). For the posterior compartment, TV-US sensitivity reached a value of 78.4%, surpassing MRI, which showed a sensitivity value of 54.1%. Finally, regarding the lateral parametrium, MRI proved superior, achieving a sensitivity value of 23.5%, while ultrasound achieved a sensitivity value of 17.6% but with higher specificity (95.7% for TV-US vs. 87.0% for MRI). Conclusions: In conclusion, our study found that Transvaginal Ultrasound is the first-choice method for evaluating the posterior compartment, while Magnetic Resonance Imaging appears slightly more suitable for evaluating the lateral parametrium. Regarding the anterior compartment, both methods proved inadequate for investigating this anatomical area. Furthermore, our study revealed a certain urgency in using unambiguous terminology to indicate the structures involved in deep endometriosis localizations, in order to make reporting and patient management as uniform as possible.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/109996