Grafting is an increasingly adopted agronomic practice in intensive vegetable production due to its ability to improve plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, enhance nutrient use efficiency, and contribute to the sustainability of crop production. In sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), although grafting has historically been less widespread than in other vegetable crops, interest in this technique has steadily increased, particularly in protected cultivation systems, where soil-borne pathogens, temperature stress, salinity, and soil fatigue can negatively affect yield and fruit quality. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of different commercial rootstocks on the vegetative growth, yield, and fruit quality of two sweet pepper varieties. The experiment was conducted during the 2025 growing season at the Veneto Agricoltura Experimental Centre "Po di Tramontana" (Rosolina, Italy). Two sweet pepper cultivars, Almuden and EPPO, were grafted onto three commercial rootstocks (Maqueda, Rocal, and Ultron), together with their respective non-grafted controls (own-rooted plants), resulting in a total of eight experimental treatments. Plants were cultivated in an unheated high tunnel greenhouse and managed according to the standard agronomic practices adopted at the experimental site. Throughout the growing season, vegetative parameters, including plant height, chlorophyll and antioxidant-related indices measured with the Dualex sensor, and the height of the first three fruiting nodes, were recorded. Yield components, such as the number of fruits per plant and total fruit weight, were also assessed. Fruit quality was evaluated by measuring pericarp thickness, fruit size, total soluble solids, fruit color using a colorimeter, dry matter content, titratable acidity, pigment contents, total antioxidant capacity, total polyphenol content, and vitamin C contents. The results showed that the rootstock mainly influenced vegetative development by affecting plant vigor and several physiological parameters associated with nutritional status. Its effect on total yield was limited; although grafting did not significantly increase final total production, it altered the distribution of fruits among commercial size classes, promoting the production of larger fruits and increasing marketable yield, particularly with the rootstocks Ultron and Rocal (+67.4% compared with the control). Regarding fruit quality, the main differences were associated with cultivar and harvest time, whereas the rootstock had only minor effects, mainly influencing certain morphological and color-related traits, as well as vitamin C content. Overall, findings indicate that grafting can be a valuable tool for improving specific agronomic performances of sweet pepper under protected cultivation. Results provide useful information on the suitability of different commercial rootstocks for greenhouse sweet pepper production and may contribute to both future research and practical applications in the horticultural sector.
L’innesto rappresenta una tecnica agronomica sempre più diffusa nelle colture orticole intensive grazie alla capacità di migliorare la tolleranza delle piante agli stress biotici e abiotici, aumentare l’efficienza nutrizionale e contribuire alla sostenibilità delle produzioni. Nel peperone (Capsicum annuum L.), nonostante l’innesto sia storicamente meno diffuso rispetto ad altre specie orticole, l’interesse verso questa pratica è in costante crescita, soprattutto nelle coltivazioni in ambiente protetto, dove problematiche legate a patogeni terricoli, stress termici, salinità e stanchezza del terreno possono compromettere produttività e qualità dei frutti. La presente tesi ha avuto come obiettivo la valutazione dell’effetto di differenti portinnesti commerciali sulle caratteristiche vegetative e produttive di due cultivar di peperone dolce. La prova sperimentale è stata condotta presso il Centro Sperimentale di Veneto Agricoltura “Po di Tramontana” (Rosolina, RO) nel corso del 2025. Sono state utilizzate due cultivar di peperone, Almuden ed EPPO, innestate su tre portinnesti commerciali (Maqueda, Rocal e Ultron), oltre ai rispettivi controlli non innestati (franchi di piede), per un totale di otto trattamenti sperimentali. Le piante sono state coltivate in serra a tunnel non riscaldata e sottoposte alle comuni pratiche agronomiche adottate nell’area sperimentale. Nel corso della prova sono stati rilevati dati dell’altezza delle piante, valori sulla clorofilla e su sostanze antiossidanti con il Dualex e l’altezza dei primi tre palchi. Inoltre, sono stati raccolti dati produttivi quali il numero di frutti, il peso dei frutti prodotti e dati qualitativi come lo spessore del pericarpo, dimensione dei frutti, i solidi solubili totali, il colore dei frutti tramite il colorimetro, la sostanza secca, l’acidità titolabile, contenuto di pigmenti, capacità antiossidasica totale, polifenoli totali, e vitamina C dei frutti. I risultati hanno evidenziato che il portinnesto ha influenzato principalmente lo sviluppo vegetativo delle piante, modificandone il vigore e alcuni parametri fisiologici associati allo stato nutrizionale. Gli effetti sulla produzione totale sono risultati contenuti: pur non avendo determinato incrementi significativi della produzione totale, l’innesto ha influenzato la distribuzione della produzione in classi commerciali favorendo l’ottenimento di frutti di maggiore pezzatura. Questo ha determinato un aumento della produzione commerciale, in particolare con Ultron e Rocal (+67.4%, rispetto al testimone). Per quanto riguarda la qualità dei frutti, le principali differenze sono risultate attribuibili alla varietà e all’epoca di raccolta, mentre il portinnesto ha esercitato effetti limitati, interessando alcuni caratteri morfologici, colorimetrici e il contenuto di vitamina C. Nel complesso, i risultati confermano che l’impiego del portinnesto può rappresentare uno strumento utile per ottimizzare alcune prestazioni agronomiche del peperone in ambiente protetto. I risultati ottenuti potranno contribuire a definire l’idoneità dei diversi portinnesti per la coltivazione del peperone in ambiente protetto, fornendo indicazioni utili sia per la ricerca sia per il settore produttivo.
Risposta produttiva e qualitativa di peperone innestato
GALEAZZO, LUDOVICO
2025/2026
Abstract
Grafting is an increasingly adopted agronomic practice in intensive vegetable production due to its ability to improve plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, enhance nutrient use efficiency, and contribute to the sustainability of crop production. In sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), although grafting has historically been less widespread than in other vegetable crops, interest in this technique has steadily increased, particularly in protected cultivation systems, where soil-borne pathogens, temperature stress, salinity, and soil fatigue can negatively affect yield and fruit quality. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of different commercial rootstocks on the vegetative growth, yield, and fruit quality of two sweet pepper varieties. The experiment was conducted during the 2025 growing season at the Veneto Agricoltura Experimental Centre "Po di Tramontana" (Rosolina, Italy). Two sweet pepper cultivars, Almuden and EPPO, were grafted onto three commercial rootstocks (Maqueda, Rocal, and Ultron), together with their respective non-grafted controls (own-rooted plants), resulting in a total of eight experimental treatments. Plants were cultivated in an unheated high tunnel greenhouse and managed according to the standard agronomic practices adopted at the experimental site. Throughout the growing season, vegetative parameters, including plant height, chlorophyll and antioxidant-related indices measured with the Dualex sensor, and the height of the first three fruiting nodes, were recorded. Yield components, such as the number of fruits per plant and total fruit weight, were also assessed. Fruit quality was evaluated by measuring pericarp thickness, fruit size, total soluble solids, fruit color using a colorimeter, dry matter content, titratable acidity, pigment contents, total antioxidant capacity, total polyphenol content, and vitamin C contents. The results showed that the rootstock mainly influenced vegetative development by affecting plant vigor and several physiological parameters associated with nutritional status. Its effect on total yield was limited; although grafting did not significantly increase final total production, it altered the distribution of fruits among commercial size classes, promoting the production of larger fruits and increasing marketable yield, particularly with the rootstocks Ultron and Rocal (+67.4% compared with the control). Regarding fruit quality, the main differences were associated with cultivar and harvest time, whereas the rootstock had only minor effects, mainly influencing certain morphological and color-related traits, as well as vitamin C content. Overall, findings indicate that grafting can be a valuable tool for improving specific agronomic performances of sweet pepper under protected cultivation. Results provide useful information on the suitability of different commercial rootstocks for greenhouse sweet pepper production and may contribute to both future research and practical applications in the horticultural sector.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/110221