Manna ash (Fraxinus ornus) plays a key ecological role within forest ecosystems; however, declining or stressed individuals become an ideal microhabitat for xylophagous and phloeophagous insects, particularly for bark beetles of the genus Hylesinus. The objective of this study is to analyze the architecture of subcortical galleries and the reproductive parameters of Hylesinus toranio on Manna ash specimens. The study was conducted at three different sampling sites within the Euganean Hills Regional Park. Sampling was carried out in January 2026 on trees in an evident state of decline, selected based on the presence of exit holes and signs of attack along the trunk and branches. In the laboratory, the collected material was cut into standard portions and carefully debarked to expose the gallery systems and facilitate data collection. A total of 483 reproductive systems belonging to H. toranio were analyzed, showing a mean maternal gallery length of 2.13 ± 0.86 cm. A highly significant positive correlation emerged between the diameter of the sampled stems, the total length of the maternal galleries, and the density of the reproductive systems, indicating that trees or larger-caliber branches offer adequate surfaces for the development of more extensive galleries. By counting the egg niches and larval galleries, high female fertility and a hatching rate of 73.64% were observed. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) highlighted a separation of the maternal galleries into two clusters (explaining 49.9% of the total variance). A subsequent PERMANOVA confirmed significant differences between these two groups, indicating the presence of two distinct structural typologies of reproductive systems (symmetric and asymmetric). A further relevant ecological aspect that emerged from the study is the co-occurrence, on the same host plants, of galleries belonging to Phloeotribus cristatus. The data suggest a clear ecological niche partitioning, with P. cristatus preferentially colonizing smaller-caliber branches (mean diameter 4.06 cm), minimizing spatial overlap with H. toranio and reducing potential interspecific competition.
L'orniello (Fraxinus ornus) riveste un ruolo ecologico chiave all'interno degli ecosistemi forestali; tuttavia, gli individui deperienti o sottoposti a stress diventano un microhabitat ideale per gli insetti xilofagi e floematici, in particolare per i coleotteri scolitidi del genere Hylesinus. L’obiettivo di questo studio è analizzare l'architettura delle gallerie sottocorticali e i parametri riproduttivi di Hylesinus toranio su esemplari di orniello. Lo studio è stato condotto su tre diversi siti di campionamento all'interno del Parco Regionale dei Colli Euganei. I prelievi sono stati effettuati nel mese di gennaio 2026 su alberi in evidente stato di deperimento, selezionati in base alla presenza di fori e segni d’attacco lungo il tronco e i rami. In laboratorio, il materiale prelevato è stato sezionato in porzioni standard e accuratamente scortecciato per esporre i sistemi di gallerie e facilitare la raccolta dati. Sono stati analizzati 483 sistemi riproduttivi appartenenti a H. toranio, i quali hanno mostrato una lunghezza media delle gallerie materne pari a 2,13 ± 0,86 cm. È emersa una correlazione positiva altamente significativa tra il diametro dei fusti campionati, la lunghezza totale delle gallerie materne e la densità dei sistemi riproduttivi, indicando come gli alberi o le branche di calibro maggiore offrano superfici adeguate allo sviluppo di gallerie più estese. Attraverso il conteggio delle nicchie ovigere e delle gallerie larvali, è stata riscontrata un'elevata fertilità delle femmine e una percentuale di schiusa del 73,64%. L'Analisi delle Componenti Principali (PCA) ha evidenziato una separazione delle gallerie materne in due raggruppamenti (spiegando il 49,9% della varianza complessiva). La successiva PERMANOVA ha confermato differenze significative tra questi due gruppi, indicando la presenza di due distinte tipologie strutturali dei sistemi riproduttivi (simmetrici e asimmetrici). Un ulteriore aspetto ecologico rilevante emerso dallo studio è la co-presenza, sulle stesse piante ospiti, di gallerie appartenenti a Phloeotribus cristatus. I dati suggeriscono una netta suddivisione della nicchia ecologica con P. cristatus che colonizza preferibilmente i rami di calibro inferiore (diametro medio 4,06 cm) , minimizzando la sovrapposizione spaziale con H. toranio e riducendo la potenziale competizione interspecifica.
Analisi dell'architettura delle gallerie e dei parametri riproduttivi di Hylesinus toranio (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) su Fraxinus ornus
GAMBARO, LORENZO
2025/2026
Abstract
Manna ash (Fraxinus ornus) plays a key ecological role within forest ecosystems; however, declining or stressed individuals become an ideal microhabitat for xylophagous and phloeophagous insects, particularly for bark beetles of the genus Hylesinus. The objective of this study is to analyze the architecture of subcortical galleries and the reproductive parameters of Hylesinus toranio on Manna ash specimens. The study was conducted at three different sampling sites within the Euganean Hills Regional Park. Sampling was carried out in January 2026 on trees in an evident state of decline, selected based on the presence of exit holes and signs of attack along the trunk and branches. In the laboratory, the collected material was cut into standard portions and carefully debarked to expose the gallery systems and facilitate data collection. A total of 483 reproductive systems belonging to H. toranio were analyzed, showing a mean maternal gallery length of 2.13 ± 0.86 cm. A highly significant positive correlation emerged between the diameter of the sampled stems, the total length of the maternal galleries, and the density of the reproductive systems, indicating that trees or larger-caliber branches offer adequate surfaces for the development of more extensive galleries. By counting the egg niches and larval galleries, high female fertility and a hatching rate of 73.64% were observed. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) highlighted a separation of the maternal galleries into two clusters (explaining 49.9% of the total variance). A subsequent PERMANOVA confirmed significant differences between these two groups, indicating the presence of two distinct structural typologies of reproductive systems (symmetric and asymmetric). A further relevant ecological aspect that emerged from the study is the co-occurrence, on the same host plants, of galleries belonging to Phloeotribus cristatus. The data suggest a clear ecological niche partitioning, with P. cristatus preferentially colonizing smaller-caliber branches (mean diameter 4.06 cm), minimizing spatial overlap with H. toranio and reducing potential interspecific competition.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/110351