This work examines informal arbitration as an institution situated at the crossroads between private autonomy and adjudication, highlighting its historical development, its legal nature, and the principal issues arising in its application. The analysis is structured, first, around a general part which aims at reconstructing the origins of the institution, its gradual emergence in practice and in special legislation, as well as the debate concerning its legal nature. Informal arbitration is thus examined not as a minor variant of formal arbitration, but as an autonomous model endowed with equal systematic dignity, whose characterisation nonetheless continues to oscillate between a contractual framework, the logic of mandate, and possible interferences with categories of a procedural nature. This reconstruction is followed by a part devoted to the concrete operation of informal arbitration proceedings and to the principal practical questions to which they give rise. Attention focuses, in particular, on the relationship between freedom of form and the minimum guarantees of the adversarial principle (or principle of contradiction), on the impartiality of the arbitrators, on the limits of the analogical application of the rules contained in the Italian Code of Civil Procedure, and on the regime governing challenges to the informal award. Within this framework, Article 808-ter of the Italian Code of Civil Procedure is subjected to critical scrutiny, with a view to assessing its actual ordering capacity in relation to the principal practical questions of informal arbitration. In its concluding part, the study engages with the Technical Advisory Board (Collegio Consultivo Tecnico, also known as "CCT") provided for under the legislation on public contracts, also in the light of the amendments introduced by D.L. 209/2024. The CCT thus becomes a testing ground for the limits and potential of informal arbitration, particularly with regard to the requirements of speed, effectiveness, and the proper performance of public contracts.
Il presente lavoro analizza l’arbitrato irrituale quale istituto posto al crocevia tra autonomia privata e giudizio, evidenziandone l’evoluzione storica, la natura giuridica e le principali questioni applicative. L’analisi si articola, anzitutto, in una parte generale volta a ricostruire la genesi dell’istituto, la sua progressiva emersione nella prassi e nella legislazione speciale, nonché il dibattito sulla sua natura giuridica. Così, l’arbitrato irrituale viene esaminato non come una variante minore dell’arbitrato rituale, bensì come un modello autonomo e dotato di pari dignità sistematica, la cui qualificazione continua, tuttavia, a oscillare tra schema contrattuale, logica mandataria e possibili interferenze con categorie di matrice processuale. A tale ricostruzione segue una parte dedicata al funzionamento concreto del procedimento arbitrale irrituale e alle principali questioni applicative che ne derivano. L’attenzione si concentra, in particolare, sul rapporto tra libertà delle forme e garanzie minime del contraddittorio, sull’imparzialità degli arbitri, sui limiti dell’applicazione analogica della disciplina contenuta nel codice di rito e sul regime delle impugnazioni del lodo irrituale. In questo quadro, l’art. 808-ter c.p.c. viene sottoposto a una verifica critica, volta a misurarne la reale capacità ordinante rispetto alle principali questioni applicative dell’arbitrato irrituale. Nella parte conclusiva dell’indagine, la ricerca si confronta con il Collegio Consultivo Tecnico previsto dalla disciplina dei contratti pubblici, anche alla luce delle modifiche apportate dal d.lgs. 31 dicembre 2024, n. 209. Il CCT diviene così un banco di prova dei limiti e delle potenzialità dell’arbitrato libero, soprattutto con riguardo alle esigenze di rapidità, effettività e corretta esecuzione del contratto pubblico.
L'arbitrato irrituale tra contratto e processo: linee evolutive
ROSSI, MARCO
2025/2026
Abstract
This work examines informal arbitration as an institution situated at the crossroads between private autonomy and adjudication, highlighting its historical development, its legal nature, and the principal issues arising in its application. The analysis is structured, first, around a general part which aims at reconstructing the origins of the institution, its gradual emergence in practice and in special legislation, as well as the debate concerning its legal nature. Informal arbitration is thus examined not as a minor variant of formal arbitration, but as an autonomous model endowed with equal systematic dignity, whose characterisation nonetheless continues to oscillate between a contractual framework, the logic of mandate, and possible interferences with categories of a procedural nature. This reconstruction is followed by a part devoted to the concrete operation of informal arbitration proceedings and to the principal practical questions to which they give rise. Attention focuses, in particular, on the relationship between freedom of form and the minimum guarantees of the adversarial principle (or principle of contradiction), on the impartiality of the arbitrators, on the limits of the analogical application of the rules contained in the Italian Code of Civil Procedure, and on the regime governing challenges to the informal award. Within this framework, Article 808-ter of the Italian Code of Civil Procedure is subjected to critical scrutiny, with a view to assessing its actual ordering capacity in relation to the principal practical questions of informal arbitration. In its concluding part, the study engages with the Technical Advisory Board (Collegio Consultivo Tecnico, also known as "CCT") provided for under the legislation on public contracts, also in the light of the amendments introduced by D.L. 209/2024. The CCT thus becomes a testing ground for the limits and potential of informal arbitration, particularly with regard to the requirements of speed, effectiveness, and the proper performance of public contracts.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/110399