The study of protein–ligand interactions is a central aspect of structural biochemistry, as these interactions regulate numerous fundamental biological processes, including signal transduction, enzymatic regulation, and intracellular transport. The characterization of these complexes requires the use of experimental techniques capable of providing information on both the stability of the bond and the structural changes induced by interactions between molecules. In this context, spectroscopic techniques play a primary role, as they allow the investigation of protein systems in solution, under conditions close to physiological, and the sensitive monitoring of conformational and environmental changes. Among these, UV-visible absorption spectroscopy is a widely used tool for the preliminary characterization of proteins and their complexes with optically enhanced ligands. Peptide labeling is a versatile technique for the study of complex biological systems, allowing the identification, tracking, and characterization of specific peptide sequences through the introduction of appropriate molecular probes. This thesis focuses on the study of terthiophene as a photoexcitable probe for peptide labeling, with the aim of evaluating its spectroscopic properties and potential applications in biochemical systems. In this context, terthiophene represents a particularly interesting molecular platform due to its conjugated structure, capable of absorbing radiation in the UV-Visible region and generating reactive excited states useful for labeling. These results demonstrate that terthiophene can be a promising probe for peptide labeling applications, with a good balance between structural stability and photoinduced reactivity.
Lo studio delle interazioni proteina–ligando rappresenta un aspetto centrale nella biochimica strutturale, in quanto tali interazioni regolano numerosi processi biologici fondamentali, tra cui la trasduzione del segnale, la regolazione enzimatica e il trasporto intracellulare. La caratterizzazione di questi complessi richiede l’impiego di tecniche sperimentali in grado di fornire informazioni sia sulla stabilità del legame sia sulle variazioni strutturali indotte dalle interazioni tra molecole. In questo contesto, le tecniche spettroscopiche rivestono un ruolo di primaria importanza, poiché consentono di investigare sistemi proteici in soluzione, in condizioni prossime a quelle fisiologiche, e di monitorare in modo sensibile cambiamenti conformazionali e ambientali. Tra queste, la spettroscopia di assorbimento UV-Visibile costituisce uno strumento ampiamente utilizzato una caratterizzazione preliminare delle proteine e dei loro complessi con ligandi dotati di proprietà ottiche. La marcatura di peptidi rappresenta una tecnica versatile per lo studio di sistemi biologici complessi, consentendo l’identificazione, il tracciamento e la caratterizzazione di specifiche sequenze peptidiche attraverso l’introduzione di sonde molecolari opportune. La presente tesi si concentra sullo studio del tertiofene come sonda fotoeccitabile per la marcatura di peptidi, con l’obiettivo di valutarne le proprietà spettroscopiche e la potenziale applicazione in sistemi biochimici. In questo contesto, il tertiofene rappresenta una piattaforma molecolare di particolare interesse grazie alla sua struttura coniugata, in grado di assorbire radiazioni nella regione UV-Visibile e di generare stati eccitati reattivi utili per la marcatura. L’insieme dei risultati evidenzia come il tertiofene possa costituire una promettente sonda per applicazioni di marcatura peptidica, con un buon equilibrio tra stabilità strutturale e reattività fotoindotta.
Il tertiofene come sonda fotoeccitabile per la marcatura di peptidi.
SPAGNOLLI, MATTIA
2025/2026
Abstract
The study of protein–ligand interactions is a central aspect of structural biochemistry, as these interactions regulate numerous fundamental biological processes, including signal transduction, enzymatic regulation, and intracellular transport. The characterization of these complexes requires the use of experimental techniques capable of providing information on both the stability of the bond and the structural changes induced by interactions between molecules. In this context, spectroscopic techniques play a primary role, as they allow the investigation of protein systems in solution, under conditions close to physiological, and the sensitive monitoring of conformational and environmental changes. Among these, UV-visible absorption spectroscopy is a widely used tool for the preliminary characterization of proteins and their complexes with optically enhanced ligands. Peptide labeling is a versatile technique for the study of complex biological systems, allowing the identification, tracking, and characterization of specific peptide sequences through the introduction of appropriate molecular probes. This thesis focuses on the study of terthiophene as a photoexcitable probe for peptide labeling, with the aim of evaluating its spectroscopic properties and potential applications in biochemical systems. In this context, terthiophene represents a particularly interesting molecular platform due to its conjugated structure, capable of absorbing radiation in the UV-Visible region and generating reactive excited states useful for labeling. These results demonstrate that terthiophene can be a promising probe for peptide labeling applications, with a good balance between structural stability and photoinduced reactivity.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/110439