Among the stars that make up the universe, massive stars serve as important laboratories for nucleosynthesis, drive the reddening of distant galaxies, and act as progenitors of black holes. Throughout their lives and upon their deaths, a significant portion of the processed material constituting them is returned to the host galaxy, enriching subsequent stellar generations with metals. In this thesis, I outline the theory of stellar structure and review the current state of knowledge regarding the evolution of very massive stars (MZAMS ≳ 100 M⊙) that enter the pair-instability regime. The dynamical instability they experience leads to the formation of pulses that either eject material prior to final collapse (pulsational pair-instability supernova, PPISN) or completely disrupt the star (pair-instability supernova, PISN), thereby limiting the mass of the resulting black hole or preventing its formation altogether. Due to these effects, theoretical models predict an absence of black holes in the mass range of approximately 50–150 M⊙, giving rise to the so-called pair-instability mass gap. In the final part of the thesis, I focus on evolutionary uncertainties stemming from stellar metallicity, nuclear reaction rates, the treatment of convection and rotation, binary system interactions, and the potential role of dark matter as a non-nuclear energy source.
Tra le stelle che compongono l’universo, le stelle massicce sono importanti laboratori di nucleosintesi, nonché causa di arrossamento delle galassie lontane e progenitori di buchi neri. Durante la vita e alla morte di queste stelle, gran parte del materiale processato che le componeva viene restituito alla galassia ospite e arricchisce di metalli le successive generazioni stellari. In questa tesi, mi occupo di descrivere la teoria della struttura stellare e di riportare lo stato dell’arte circa l’evoluzione di stelle molto massicce (MZAMS ≳ 100 M⊙) che entrano nel regime di instabilità di produzione di coppie. L’instabilità dinamica di cui esse risentono porta alla formazione di pulsi che strappano via materiale prima del collasso finale (pulsational pair instability supernova, PPISN) o slegano l’intera stella (pair instability supernova, PISN), limitando così la massa del buco nero finale o impedendone totalmente la formazione. A causa di questi effetti, la teoria non prevede buchi neri nell’intervallo di massa tra circa 50 − 150 M⊙, dando luogo al cosiddetto pair instability mass gap. Nell’ultima parte della tesi mi focalizzo sulle incertezze evolutive derivanti dalla quantità di metalli presenti nella stella, dal diverso tasso delle reazioni nucleari, dal modo in cui si trattano la convezione e la rotazione della stella, dall’interazione in un sistema binario e dalla presenza di materia oscura come fonte di energia non nucleare.
Creazione di coppie in stelle massicce: implicazioni sul destino finale
FENECH, ANDREA
2025/2026
Abstract
Among the stars that make up the universe, massive stars serve as important laboratories for nucleosynthesis, drive the reddening of distant galaxies, and act as progenitors of black holes. Throughout their lives and upon their deaths, a significant portion of the processed material constituting them is returned to the host galaxy, enriching subsequent stellar generations with metals. In this thesis, I outline the theory of stellar structure and review the current state of knowledge regarding the evolution of very massive stars (MZAMS ≳ 100 M⊙) that enter the pair-instability regime. The dynamical instability they experience leads to the formation of pulses that either eject material prior to final collapse (pulsational pair-instability supernova, PPISN) or completely disrupt the star (pair-instability supernova, PISN), thereby limiting the mass of the resulting black hole or preventing its formation altogether. Due to these effects, theoretical models predict an absence of black holes in the mass range of approximately 50–150 M⊙, giving rise to the so-called pair-instability mass gap. In the final part of the thesis, I focus on evolutionary uncertainties stemming from stellar metallicity, nuclear reaction rates, the treatment of convection and rotation, binary system interactions, and the potential role of dark matter as a non-nuclear energy source.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/110446