Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of the pathological proteins beta-amyloid 42 and tau. Most cases are sporadic and late-onset, and show a strong genetic component that is only partially explained by known genetic variants such as the ApoE ε4 allele. However, much of the heritability remains unexplained, likely due to the combined effect of many genes with small effects and methodological limitations in studies. In this work, a genetic screen was performed in Drosophila to identify modifiers of neurodegeneration induced by beta-amyloid and tau. Fourteen significant SNPs were identified, associated with 12 candidate genes across 8 genomic regions, mainly involved in neuronal development, signal transduction, and growth processes. Broader analyses showed an enrichment of genes related to neurogenesis and an overlap with genes already associated with Alzheimer’s disease in human GWAS studies. Overall, these results suggest that complementary genetic approaches in model organisms such as Drosophila may help identify new risk factors and clarify the remaining genetic contribution to Alzheimer’s disease.
La malattia di Alzheimer è una patologia neurodegenerativa caratterizzata dall’accumulo delle proteine patologiche beta-amiloide 42 e tau. La maggior parte dei casi è sporadica a insorgenza tardiva e presenta un’elevata componente ereditaria, solo in parte spiegata da varianti genetiche note come l’allele ApoE ε4. Tuttavia, gran parte dell’ereditarietà rimane ancora non chiarita, probabilmente per l’effetto combinato di molti geni a piccolo effetto e per limiti metodologici degli studi. In questo lavoro è stato condotto uno screening genetico in Drosophila per identificare modificatori della neurodegenerazione indotta da beta-amiloide e tau. Sono stati individuati 14 SNP significativi associati a 12 geni candidati in 8 regioni genomiche, coinvolti principalmente nello sviluppo neuronale, nella trasduzione del segnale e nei processi di crescita e sviluppo. Analisi più ampie hanno evidenziato un arricchimento di geni legati alla neurogenesi e una sovrapposizione con geni già associati all’Alzheimer negli studi GWAS sull’uomo. Nel complesso, i risultati suggeriscono che approcci genetici complementari in modelli come la Drosophila possano contribuire a identificare nuovi fattori di rischio e a chiarire la componente genetica ancora mancante dell’Alzheimer.
Utilizzo di Drosophila per identificare modificatori genetici naturali della tossicità indotta dall'amiloide beta 42 e dalla proteina tau
CECCHINATO, SIBILLA
2025/2026
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of the pathological proteins beta-amyloid 42 and tau. Most cases are sporadic and late-onset, and show a strong genetic component that is only partially explained by known genetic variants such as the ApoE ε4 allele. However, much of the heritability remains unexplained, likely due to the combined effect of many genes with small effects and methodological limitations in studies. In this work, a genetic screen was performed in Drosophila to identify modifiers of neurodegeneration induced by beta-amyloid and tau. Fourteen significant SNPs were identified, associated with 12 candidate genes across 8 genomic regions, mainly involved in neuronal development, signal transduction, and growth processes. Broader analyses showed an enrichment of genes related to neurogenesis and an overlap with genes already associated with Alzheimer’s disease in human GWAS studies. Overall, these results suggest that complementary genetic approaches in model organisms such as Drosophila may help identify new risk factors and clarify the remaining genetic contribution to Alzheimer’s disease.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/110473