This research examines the impact of client violence (CV), conceptualized as Type II workplace violence, on the risk of developing burnout syndrome among Human Services workers. Adopting the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model as the theoretical framework, CV is interpreted as an external job demand capable of triggering the process of deterioration in workers’ psychological and physical health. The study explores the evolution of the burnout construct by integrating the classical perspective proposed by the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) with the more recent Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT), which broadens the analysis by including the dimensions of cognitive and emotional impairment. The investigation focuses on the third sector and, more specifically, on the SAI reception system in Bologna, examining the motivational characteristics of workers as well as structural barriers (such as the normalization of violence and contractual vulnerabilities) that contribute to the phenomenon of underreporting. The empirical objective of the study is to verify whether greater exposure to client violence, in its various manifestations (physical, psychological, sexual, verbal, direct, and indirect), is positively correlated with levels of burnout risk. Finally, the research investigates the role of supervision, peer support, leadership, and specific training as job resources with a buffering function (moderators), potentially capable of mitigating the traumatic impact of violent events and preserving workers’ occupational well-being.
Questa ricerca analizza l'impatto della Client Violence (CV) configurata come Violenza sul lavoro di Tipo II, sul rischio di sviluppo della sindrome di burnout negli operatori degli human services. Utilizzando il modello Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) come cornice teorica, la CV viene interpretata come una domanda lavorativa estrema capace di attivare il processo di deterioramento della salute psicosofisica del lavoratore. L'elaborato approfondisce l'evoluzione del costrutto di burnout, integrando la prospettiva classica del Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) con il più recente Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT), che include dimensioni di compromissione cognitiva ed emotiva. L'indagine si focalizza sul Terzo Settore e sul sistema di accoglienza SAI di Bologna, esaminando le peculiarità motivazionali degli operatori e le barriere strutturali, come la normalizzazione della violenza e la vulnerabilità contrattuale, che alimentano il fenomeno dell'under-reporting. L'obiettivo empirico è verificare se una maggiore esposizione alla CV, nelle sue declinazioni fisica, psicologica, sessuale, verbale, diretta e indiretta, correli positivamente con i livelli di rischio di burnout. Infine, lo studio indaga il ruolo di supervisione, supporto dei pari, leadership e formazione specifica come risorse lavorative con effetto buffer (moderatori), finalizzate a mitigare l'impatto traumatico degli eventi violenti e a preservare il benessere occupazionale.
Client violence e burnout nel Terzo Settore: un'indagine tra il personale dei servizi per la grave marginalità
BERNICH, PIERVITTORIO
2025/2026
Abstract
This research examines the impact of client violence (CV), conceptualized as Type II workplace violence, on the risk of developing burnout syndrome among Human Services workers. Adopting the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model as the theoretical framework, CV is interpreted as an external job demand capable of triggering the process of deterioration in workers’ psychological and physical health. The study explores the evolution of the burnout construct by integrating the classical perspective proposed by the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) with the more recent Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT), which broadens the analysis by including the dimensions of cognitive and emotional impairment. The investigation focuses on the third sector and, more specifically, on the SAI reception system in Bologna, examining the motivational characteristics of workers as well as structural barriers (such as the normalization of violence and contractual vulnerabilities) that contribute to the phenomenon of underreporting. The empirical objective of the study is to verify whether greater exposure to client violence, in its various manifestations (physical, psychological, sexual, verbal, direct, and indirect), is positively correlated with levels of burnout risk. Finally, the research investigates the role of supervision, peer support, leadership, and specific training as job resources with a buffering function (moderators), potentially capable of mitigating the traumatic impact of violent events and preserving workers’ occupational well-being.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/110589