This study explores the social representations of mental health and mental illness in Senegal, focusing on the relationship between traditional healing and psychiatric care. Grounded in Social Representations Theory, the research adopts a qualitative approach and uses Reflexive Thematic Analysis. Data were collected through semi-structured episodic interviews with university students, psychiatrists, and traditional healers in Senegal. The findings highlight the strong stigma surrounding mental illness, represented through the figure of the “fou” (madman), associated with aggression, loss of control, and social marginalization. In contrast, mental health emerges as a less clearly defined concept linked to inner balance, stress management, and social relationships. The study also reveals the coexistence of different forms of knowledge and healing practices within the Senegalese context, highlighting tensions, differences, and possibilities for dialogue between traditional and psychiatric systems of care. These dynamics reflect forms of cognitive polyphasia, in which religious, spiritual, and biomedical explanations coexist and contribute to intricate pathways of care. This research highlights the role of culture and social dynamics in shaping meanings related to psychological suffering and contributes to the understanding of social representations of mental health in non-Western contexts.
La presente ricerca esplora le rappresentazioni sociali della salute mentale e della malattia mentale in Senegal, focalizzandosi sulla relazione tra medicina tradizionale e psichiatria. Basato sulla Teoria delle Rappresentazioni Sociali lo studio adotta un approccio qualitativo e utilizza la Reflexive Thematic Analysis. I dati sono stati raccolti attraverso interviste episodiche semi-strutturate con studenti universitari, psichiatri e guaritori tradizionali in Senegal. I risultati evidenziano il forte stigma che circonda la malattia mentale, rappresentata attraverso la figura del “fou” (pazzo), associata ad aggressività, perdita di controllo e marginalizzazione sociale. Al contrario, la salute mentale emerge come un concetto meno definito, legato all’equilibrio interiore, alla gestione dello stress e alle relazioni sociali. Lo studio rivela inoltre la coesistenza di differenti forme di conoscenza e pratiche di cura nel contesto senegalese, evidenziando tensioni, differenze e possibilità di dialogo tra sistemi tradizionali e psichiatrici di cura. Queste dinamiche riflettono forme di polifasia cognitiva, in cui spiegazioni religiose, spirituali e biomediche coesistono e contribuiscono alla costruzione di complessi percorsi di cura. La ricerca evidenzia il ruolo della cultura e delle dinamiche sociali nella costruzione dei significati legati alla sofferenza psichica e contribuisce alla comprensione delle rappresentazioni sociali della salute mentale in contesti non occidentali.
Polifasia cognitiva e rappresentazioni sociali della malattia mentale e salute mentale in Senegal. Esplorazione delle relazioni tra psichiatri e guaritori tradizionali dalla prospettiva di studenti, psichiatri e guaritori tradizionali.
SANTONI, EMMA
2025/2026
Abstract
This study explores the social representations of mental health and mental illness in Senegal, focusing on the relationship between traditional healing and psychiatric care. Grounded in Social Representations Theory, the research adopts a qualitative approach and uses Reflexive Thematic Analysis. Data were collected through semi-structured episodic interviews with university students, psychiatrists, and traditional healers in Senegal. The findings highlight the strong stigma surrounding mental illness, represented through the figure of the “fou” (madman), associated with aggression, loss of control, and social marginalization. In contrast, mental health emerges as a less clearly defined concept linked to inner balance, stress management, and social relationships. The study also reveals the coexistence of different forms of knowledge and healing practices within the Senegalese context, highlighting tensions, differences, and possibilities for dialogue between traditional and psychiatric systems of care. These dynamics reflect forms of cognitive polyphasia, in which religious, spiritual, and biomedical explanations coexist and contribute to intricate pathways of care. This research highlights the role of culture and social dynamics in shaping meanings related to psychological suffering and contributes to the understanding of social representations of mental health in non-Western contexts.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/110624