Following a critical review of the scientific literature, the present study aims to examine the relationship between empathy and psychopathy, with the purpose of revising the traditional view of psychopathy as a condition characterized by a global absence of empathy. Within this framework, empathy is reconceptualized as a multidimensional construct, distinguishing between cognitive and affective components. It is hypothesized that, in people with psychopathic traits, empathy is not globally impaired, but rather organized through a functional dissociation between its components: the cognitive component appears relatively preserved, allowing the understanding of others’ mental and emotional states, whereas the affective component appears significantly impaired, limiting emotional resonance. This leads to a redefinition of psychopathy not necessarily and distinctively as an absence of empathy, but rather as an asymmetrical and dysfunctional configuration in which cognitive understanding may coexist with a deficit in affective response, a key element for understanding the interpersonal patterns typical of this personality organization. To support the theoretical framework, a clinical case observed during a training experience at the Psychiatric Diagnosis and Treatment Service (SPDC) in Castiglione delle Stiviere (Mantua, Italy) is finally discussed as a practical example of the described dynamics.
Partendo da una revisione della letteratura scientifica, il presente elaborato si propone di analizzare la relazione tra empatia e psicopatia, al fine di superare la tradizionale visione di psicopatia come condizione caratterizzata da un’assenza globale di empatia. A tal fine, viene proposta una rilettura del costrutto di empatia in termini multidimensionali, che distingue tra componente cognitiva e componente affettiva del costrutto stesso. Si ipotizza, dunque, che nelle persone con tratti psicopatici l’empatia non sia globalmente compromessa, bensì presenti una dissociazione tra le sue componenti : la componente cognitiva risulterebbe relativamente preservata, consentendo la comprensione degli stati mentali ed emotivi altrui, mentre la componente affettiva risulterebbe maggiormente compromessa, limitando la capacità di condivisione emotiva. L’elaborato intende quindi dimostrare come la psicopatia non coincida necessariamente ed univocamente con una totale assenza di empatia, bensì con una sua organizzazione disfunzionale e asimmetrica, nella quale la comprensione cognitiva delle emozioni può coesistere con un totaledeficit della risposta affettiva. A supporto delle considerazioni teoriche viene infine presentato un caso clinico osservato durante l’esperienza di tirocinio svolto presso l’SPDC di Castiglione delle Stiviere di Mantova.
Oltre il deficit empatico: componente cognitiva ed affettiva dell’empatia in persone con tratti psicopatici
CALTAGIRONE, CLARA
2025/2026
Abstract
Following a critical review of the scientific literature, the present study aims to examine the relationship between empathy and psychopathy, with the purpose of revising the traditional view of psychopathy as a condition characterized by a global absence of empathy. Within this framework, empathy is reconceptualized as a multidimensional construct, distinguishing between cognitive and affective components. It is hypothesized that, in people with psychopathic traits, empathy is not globally impaired, but rather organized through a functional dissociation between its components: the cognitive component appears relatively preserved, allowing the understanding of others’ mental and emotional states, whereas the affective component appears significantly impaired, limiting emotional resonance. This leads to a redefinition of psychopathy not necessarily and distinctively as an absence of empathy, but rather as an asymmetrical and dysfunctional configuration in which cognitive understanding may coexist with a deficit in affective response, a key element for understanding the interpersonal patterns typical of this personality organization. To support the theoretical framework, a clinical case observed during a training experience at the Psychiatric Diagnosis and Treatment Service (SPDC) in Castiglione delle Stiviere (Mantua, Italy) is finally discussed as a practical example of the described dynamics.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/110696