In the useful decades, emotion regulation has represented a theoretical construct of primary importance in the study of psychological development and psychopathology in developmental age. In fact, it has emerged as one of the main transdiagnostic processes implicated in the onset and maintenance of psychopathological disorders. (Gross, 1998). Emotion regulation is a key construct in clinical and developmental psychology, defined as the process by which individuals modulate the intensity, duration, and expression of their emotions to respond to environmental and personal demands (Gross, 1998). In adolescence, this ability plays a crucial role as it coincides with important neurobiological and psychosocial changes that challenge motivational and behavioral control systems (Steinberg, 2005). The process model developed by James J. Gross (1998), which will be further explored later, gives us answers on how emotion regulation strategies can be inserted within a timeline of emotional reaction to the triggering event (Gross, 2002). Difficulties in emotional regulation have been recognized as transdiagnostic factors for anxiety and depression in adolescence, conditions that show a significant prevalence during these life stages. Indeed, longitudinal studies have highlighted how difficulty in modulating negative emotions is associated with a greater severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as worse social and academic adjustment (Horvath et al., 2025). In this context, psychotherapy should not be limited to symptomatic treatment alone but to enhance basic psychological skills, including emotional regulation strategies and adaptive coping methods that help individuals cope with situations of high psychological stress. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), one of the most studied approaches for identifying and restructuring dysfunctional thoughts, is promoting the development of these cognitive and emotional skills. It facilitates changes in emotional and depressive assessment processes in developmental age (Weisz et al., 2006). In addition to CBT, an approach that has gained traction in recent decades is mindfulness-based interventions, which integrate nonjudgmental awareness components with cognitive behavioral principles to promote a more balanced relationship with one's internal states. Furthermore, recent research indicates that combinations of mindfulness strategies and regulatory skills can enhance aspects of self-compassion which in turn contributes to greater emotional resilience and fewer psychopathological symptoms (Nguyen et al., 2025). And it is precisely by talking about self-compassion that the use of the approach based on Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) developed by Paul Gilbert (2000) becomes central. A therapy based on the integration of evolutionary, neuroscientific, and cognitive-behavioral perspectives to regulate three fundamental emotional systems: the threat system, the activation/resource-seeking system, and reassurance/affiliation. The goal of CFT is to enhance the capacity for self-compassion and emotional security, countering the self-criticism and internal shame that characterize many clinical disorders.
Negli utili decenni, la regolazione delle emozioni ha rappresentato un costrutto teorico di primaria importanza nello studio dello sviluppo psicologico e della psicopatologia in età evolutiva. Si è configurato, infatti, come uno dei principali processi transdiagnostici implicati nell’insorgenza e nel mantenimento dei disturbi psicopatologici. (Gross, 1998). La regolazione delle emozioni costituisce un costrutto chiave nella psicologia clinica e dello sviluppo, definita come il processo mediante il quale gli individui modulano l’intensità, la durata e l’espressione delle proprie emozioni per rispondere alle richieste ambientali e personali (Gross, 1998). In adolescenza questa abilità assume un ruolo cruciale poiché coincide con importanti cambiamenti neurobiologici e psicosociali che mettono alla prova sistemi motivazionali e di controllo comportamentale (Steinberg, 2005). Il modello processuale elaborato da James J. Gross (1998), che verrà maggiormente approfondito in seguito, ci dà delle risposte su come le strategie di regolazione delle emozioni possano essere inserite all’interno di una linea temporale di reazione emotiva all’evento scatenante (Gross, 2002). Le difficoltà nella regolazione emotiva sono state riconosciute come fattori transdiagnostici per l’ansia e la depressione in adolescenza, condizioni che mostrano un’imponente prevalenza durante queste fasi di vita. Infatti, studi longitudinali hanno evidenziato come la difficoltà nel modulare emozioni negative sia associata ad una maggiore gravità di sintomi depressivi e ansiosi, nonché ad un peggior adattamento sociale e scolastico (Horvath et al., 2025). In questo contesto, la psicoterapia non dovrebbe limitarsi al solo trattamento sintomatologico ma a potenziare le competenze psicologiche di base tra cui le strategie di regolazione emotiva e modalità di coping adattive che aiutino l’individuo a fronteggiare situazioni di alto stress psicologico. A favorire lo sviluppo di queste competenze cognitive ed emotive è la Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamentale (CBT), uno tra gli approcci più studiati per l’identificazione e la ristrutturazione di pensieri disfunzionali. Essa facilita le modificazioni nei processi di valutazione emotiva e depressivi in età evolutiva (Weisz et al., 2006). Oltre alla CBT, un approccio che si è fatto spazio negli ultimi decenni è quello degli interventi basati sulla mindfulness, la quale integra componenti di consapevolezza non giudicante con principi cognitivi comportamentali per promuovere una relazione più equilibrata con i propri stati interni. Inoltre, ricerche recenti indicano che combinazioni di strategie mindfulness e competenze regolative possono potenziare aspetti di self-compassion che a sua volta contribuisce ad una maggiore resilienza emotiva e minori sintomi psicopatologici (Nguyen et al., 2025). Ed è proprio parlando di self-compassion che diviene centrale l’utilizzo dell’approccio basato sulla Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) elaborata da Paul Gilbert (2000). Una terapia basata sull’integrazione di prospettive evoluzionistiche, neuroscientifiche e cognitivo-comportamentali per regolare tre sistemi emotivi fondamentali: il sistema di minaccia, di attivazione/ricerca di risorse e rassicurazione/affiliazione. L’obiettivo della CFT è di potenziare la capacità di auto-compassione e sicurezza emotiva, contrastando l’autocritica e la vergogna interna che caratterizzano molti disturbi clinici.
Imparare a sentire: nuovi orizzonti terapeutici per l'adolescenza Come gestire ansia e depressione in un approccio integrato tra CBT, CFT e Mindfulness
OTTANI, FRANCESCA
2025/2026
Abstract
In the useful decades, emotion regulation has represented a theoretical construct of primary importance in the study of psychological development and psychopathology in developmental age. In fact, it has emerged as one of the main transdiagnostic processes implicated in the onset and maintenance of psychopathological disorders. (Gross, 1998). Emotion regulation is a key construct in clinical and developmental psychology, defined as the process by which individuals modulate the intensity, duration, and expression of their emotions to respond to environmental and personal demands (Gross, 1998). In adolescence, this ability plays a crucial role as it coincides with important neurobiological and psychosocial changes that challenge motivational and behavioral control systems (Steinberg, 2005). The process model developed by James J. Gross (1998), which will be further explored later, gives us answers on how emotion regulation strategies can be inserted within a timeline of emotional reaction to the triggering event (Gross, 2002). Difficulties in emotional regulation have been recognized as transdiagnostic factors for anxiety and depression in adolescence, conditions that show a significant prevalence during these life stages. Indeed, longitudinal studies have highlighted how difficulty in modulating negative emotions is associated with a greater severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as worse social and academic adjustment (Horvath et al., 2025). In this context, psychotherapy should not be limited to symptomatic treatment alone but to enhance basic psychological skills, including emotional regulation strategies and adaptive coping methods that help individuals cope with situations of high psychological stress. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), one of the most studied approaches for identifying and restructuring dysfunctional thoughts, is promoting the development of these cognitive and emotional skills. It facilitates changes in emotional and depressive assessment processes in developmental age (Weisz et al., 2006). In addition to CBT, an approach that has gained traction in recent decades is mindfulness-based interventions, which integrate nonjudgmental awareness components with cognitive behavioral principles to promote a more balanced relationship with one's internal states. Furthermore, recent research indicates that combinations of mindfulness strategies and regulatory skills can enhance aspects of self-compassion which in turn contributes to greater emotional resilience and fewer psychopathological symptoms (Nguyen et al., 2025). And it is precisely by talking about self-compassion that the use of the approach based on Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) developed by Paul Gilbert (2000) becomes central. A therapy based on the integration of evolutionary, neuroscientific, and cognitive-behavioral perspectives to regulate three fundamental emotional systems: the threat system, the activation/resource-seeking system, and reassurance/affiliation. The goal of CFT is to enhance the capacity for self-compassion and emotional security, countering the self-criticism and internal shame that characterize many clinical disorders.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/110706