Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of neurological disability, resulting in motor deficits and cognitive-behavioral impairments in affected patients. Current therapeutic options remain limited in promoting complete functional recovery. The use of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells (NS/PCs) derived from induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) represents a promising regenerative strategy for the treatment of traumatic brain injuries. However, the clinical application of iPSCs is still limited by the risk of tumorigenesis associated with the possible persistence of highly proliferative undifferentiated cells. The article analyzed in this thesis proposes an innovative strategy based on the use of NS/PCs derived from genetically edited human iPSCs through CRISPR/Cas9 technology, in order to achieve stable expression of the cytosine deaminase/uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (CD/UPRT) gene. This system enables the conversion of 5-fluorocytosine into 5-fluorouracil, allowing the selective elimination of potentially tumorigenic undifferentiated cells. In a murine model of TBI, cell transplantation resulted in improved motor performance, reduced secondary brain injury, and decreased blood-brain barrier disruption compared with the control group. Overall, these findings suggest that genetically edited iPSC-derived NS/PCs may represent a promising and safe therapeutic strategy for the treatment of traumatic brain injuries.
La lesione cerebrale traumatica (Traumatic Brain Injury, TBI) è una delle principali cause di disabilità neurologica, determinando nei pazienti deficit motori, e cognitivo-comportamentali. Le opzioni terapeutiche attualmente disponibili risultano ancora limitate nel favorire un recupero funzionale completo. L’impiego di cellule staminali/progenitrici neurali (Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells, NS/PC) derivate da cellule staminali pluripotenti indotte (induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, iPSC) rappresenta una promettente strategia rigenerativa per il trattamento delle lesioni cerebrali traumatiche. Tuttavia l’utilizzo clinico delle iPSC è ancora limitato dal rischio di tumorigenesi dovuto alla possibile persistenza di cellule indifferenziate altamente proliferative. L’articolo analizzato in questo lavoro di tesi propone una strategia innovativa basata sull’utilizzo di NS/PC derivate da iPSC umane geneticamente editate mediante tecnologia CRISPR/Cas9, al fine di ottenere l’espressione stabile del gene della citosina deaminasi/uridil fosforibosil transferasi. Tale sistema consente la conversione della 5-fluorocitosina in 5-fluorouracile, permettendo l’eliminazione selettiva delle cellule indifferenziate potenzialmente tumorigeniche. Nel modello murino di TBI, il trapianto cellulare ha determinato un miglioramento delle performance motorie, una riduzione del danno cerebrale secondario e minore perdita della barriera ematoencefalica rispetto al gruppo di controllo. Questi risultati suggeriscono che le NS/PC geneticamente editate possano essere una strategia promettente e sicura per la terapia delle lesioni cerebrali traumatiche.
Effetti neuroprotettivi di cellule staminali/progenitrici neurali derivate da cellule staminali pluripotenti indotte geneticamente modificate nel trattamento della lesione cerebrale traumatica
ZOCCA, MANUEL
2025/2026
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of neurological disability, resulting in motor deficits and cognitive-behavioral impairments in affected patients. Current therapeutic options remain limited in promoting complete functional recovery. The use of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells (NS/PCs) derived from induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) represents a promising regenerative strategy for the treatment of traumatic brain injuries. However, the clinical application of iPSCs is still limited by the risk of tumorigenesis associated with the possible persistence of highly proliferative undifferentiated cells. The article analyzed in this thesis proposes an innovative strategy based on the use of NS/PCs derived from genetically edited human iPSCs through CRISPR/Cas9 technology, in order to achieve stable expression of the cytosine deaminase/uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (CD/UPRT) gene. This system enables the conversion of 5-fluorocytosine into 5-fluorouracil, allowing the selective elimination of potentially tumorigenic undifferentiated cells. In a murine model of TBI, cell transplantation resulted in improved motor performance, reduced secondary brain injury, and decreased blood-brain barrier disruption compared with the control group. Overall, these findings suggest that genetically edited iPSC-derived NS/PCs may represent a promising and safe therapeutic strategy for the treatment of traumatic brain injuries.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/111002