This thesis investigates the feasibility of simulating, through a quasi-static explicit analysis in LS-DYNA, the mechanical behaviour of an industrial wall anchor subjected to loading conditions representative of its real application. The objective is to define a reliable numerical methodology for problems involving large deformations, geometrical nonlinearities, and complex contact interactions. The first part of the work introduces the fundamentals of explicit analyses in LS-DYNA, with particular attention to the comparison between implicit and explicit methods, the CFL stability condition, the energy balance, and optimization techniques such as mass scaling and time scaling. The main finite element formulations are also analysed, with reference to hexahedral and tetrahedral elements and to the related numerical issues, including hourglassing, shear locking, and volumetric locking. A central part of the thesis is devoted to contact modelling. After comparing penalty-based and constraint-based formulations, a Hertzian contact case between a rigid sphere and an infinite elastic half-space is investigated. This case is used as an analytical reference to evaluate the influence of contact parameters, particularly the SOFT parameter, on the stress distribution, numerical penetration, and stability of the solution. The second part introduces the SPG method, Smoothed Particle Galerkin, considered for the modelling of phenomena characterized by very large deformations. An experimental campaign of tensile tests on PA6 dog-bone specimens is also planned, considering different humidity conditions and strain rates, in order to calibrate a material card in LS-DYNA and validate its numerical behaviour. Finally, the numerical campaign on the industrial wall anchor is presented, with the aim of optimizing the model in terms of stability, computational time, deformation pattern, and torque curve. The work therefore makes it possible to identify the main numerical choices required to obtain a stable, efficient, and physically consistent quasi-static explicit simulation.
Il presente lavoro di tesi è finalizzato allo studio della possibilità di simulare, mediante analisi esplicita quasi-statica in LS-DYNA, il comportamento meccanico di un tassello industriale da muro soggetto a condizioni di carico rappresentative dell’impiego reale. L’obiettivo è definire una metodologia numerica affidabile per problemi caratterizzati da grandi deformazioni, non linearità geometriche e interazioni di contatto complesse. La prima parte dell’elaborato introduce i fondamenti delle analisi esplicite in LS-DYNA, con particolare attenzione al confronto tra metodo implicito ed esplicito, alla condizione di stabilità CFL, al bilancio energetico e alle tecniche di ottimizzazione quali mass scaling e time scaling. Vengono inoltre analizzate le principali formulazioni di elementi finiti, con riferimento a elementi esaedrici e tetraedrici e alle relative criticità numeriche, tra cui hourglassing, shear locking e volumetric locking. Una parte centrale è dedicata alla modellazione del contatto. Dopo il confronto tra formulazioni penalty-based e constraint-based, viene studiato un caso di contatto hertziano tra sfera rigida e semi-piano elastico infinito, utilizzato come riferimento analitico per valutare l’influenza dei parametri di contatto, in particolare del parametro SOFT, sulla distribuzione tensionale, sulla penetrazione numerica e sulla stabilità della soluzione. La seconda parte introduce il metodo SPG, Smoothed Particle Galerkin, considerato per la modellazione di fenomeni caratterizzati da deformazioni molto elevate. Viene inoltre prevista una campagna sperimentale di prove di trazione su provini in PA6, condotta a diverse condizioni di umidità e velocità di deformazione, al fine di calibrare una scheda materiale in LS-DYNA e validarne il comportamento numerico. Infine, viene presentata la campagna numerica sul tassello industriale, con l’obiettivo di ottimizzare il modello in termini di stabilità, tempo computazionale, deformata e curva di coppia. Il lavoro consente quindi di individuare le principali scelte numeriche necessarie per una simulazione esplicita quasi-statica stabile, efficiente e fisicamente coerente.
Simulazione strutturale di tasselli in materiale polimerico, utilizzando un approccio numerico misto FEM e SPG con LS-DYNA
CONVERSANO, CARLO
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis investigates the feasibility of simulating, through a quasi-static explicit analysis in LS-DYNA, the mechanical behaviour of an industrial wall anchor subjected to loading conditions representative of its real application. The objective is to define a reliable numerical methodology for problems involving large deformations, geometrical nonlinearities, and complex contact interactions. The first part of the work introduces the fundamentals of explicit analyses in LS-DYNA, with particular attention to the comparison between implicit and explicit methods, the CFL stability condition, the energy balance, and optimization techniques such as mass scaling and time scaling. The main finite element formulations are also analysed, with reference to hexahedral and tetrahedral elements and to the related numerical issues, including hourglassing, shear locking, and volumetric locking. A central part of the thesis is devoted to contact modelling. After comparing penalty-based and constraint-based formulations, a Hertzian contact case between a rigid sphere and an infinite elastic half-space is investigated. This case is used as an analytical reference to evaluate the influence of contact parameters, particularly the SOFT parameter, on the stress distribution, numerical penetration, and stability of the solution. The second part introduces the SPG method, Smoothed Particle Galerkin, considered for the modelling of phenomena characterized by very large deformations. An experimental campaign of tensile tests on PA6 dog-bone specimens is also planned, considering different humidity conditions and strain rates, in order to calibrate a material card in LS-DYNA and validate its numerical behaviour. Finally, the numerical campaign on the industrial wall anchor is presented, with the aim of optimizing the model in terms of stability, computational time, deformation pattern, and torque curve. The work therefore makes it possible to identify the main numerical choices required to obtain a stable, efficient, and physically consistent quasi-static explicit simulation.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/111081