With the end of the Second World War, Francisco Franco’s Spain found itself in a hostile international system, where its former allies had been toppled. The isolation period, between the end of the War and the middle-50s, was a difficult time, where the regime had to rely on scarse resources and uncertain partners to guarantee its survival. At the center of the analysis, the concepts of “soft”, “hard” and “smart power” will be employed, given their relevance in a foreign strategy that encompasses both material and ideological enterprises. The thesis will initially develop the theoretical principles of these terms and the applicability to an autocratic regime like Franco’s. Secondly, after a discussion of its origins, there will be an examination of the rehabilitation different phases: between 1945 and 1948, the study of soft power as the anchor of its external action; between 1948 and 1953, the chance to integrate hard power into its international relations; and, finally, between 1953 and 1955, the concrete milestones towards the end of isolation. As for the final chapter, the study will focus on the limits and the successes of the strategy, as well as the “cuestión española” legacy in the contemporary world.
Con la conclusione del conflitto mondiale, la Spagna di Francisco Franco si trovò in un sistema internazionale ostile e dove i suoi ex alleati erano stati rovesciati. Il periodo dell’isolamento tra la fine della guerra e la metà degli anni ‘50 fu un momento complicato, dove il regime dovette fare affidamento su risorse esigue e partner incerti per garantire la propria sopravvivenza. Al centro dell’analisi, si utilizzano i concetti di “soft power”, “hard power” e “smart power”, determinanti nello studio di una strategia verso l’estero sia materiale che ideologica. La tesi inizialmente svilupperà i fondamenti teorici di queste nozioni e l’applicabilità ad un sistema politico autocratico come quello franchista. Successivamente, dopo un excursus sulle origini dell’ostracizzazione, si passerà all’esame delle varie fasi di questo programma di riabilitazione: tra 1945 e 1948, il soft power come ancora dell’azione esterna spagnola; tra 1948 e 1953, la possibilità di integrare l’hard power nelle relazioni internazionali; infine, tra 1953 e 1955, i passi concreti verso la rottura dell’isolamento. Come capitolo conclusivo, si studieranno i limiti e i successi della strategia e l’eredità della “questione spagnola” nel mondo contemporaneo.
"La cuestión española" (1945-1955): come lo smart power ruppe l'isolamento della Spagna franchista.
CAMPAGNOLA, FEDERICO
2025/2026
Abstract
With the end of the Second World War, Francisco Franco’s Spain found itself in a hostile international system, where its former allies had been toppled. The isolation period, between the end of the War and the middle-50s, was a difficult time, where the regime had to rely on scarse resources and uncertain partners to guarantee its survival. At the center of the analysis, the concepts of “soft”, “hard” and “smart power” will be employed, given their relevance in a foreign strategy that encompasses both material and ideological enterprises. The thesis will initially develop the theoretical principles of these terms and the applicability to an autocratic regime like Franco’s. Secondly, after a discussion of its origins, there will be an examination of the rehabilitation different phases: between 1945 and 1948, the study of soft power as the anchor of its external action; between 1948 and 1953, the chance to integrate hard power into its international relations; and, finally, between 1953 and 1955, the concrete milestones towards the end of isolation. As for the final chapter, the study will focus on the limits and the successes of the strategy, as well as the “cuestión española” legacy in the contemporary world.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/111200