The thesis analyzes the evolution of the American political system in a context of growing polarization, with particular attention to the crisis of the Democratic coalition and the rise of Trumpism. The aim of this work is to understand the structural transformations that have reshaped electoral behavior in the United States, identifying possible trajectories for the renewal of the metapolitical dimension, aimed at reconstructing the relationship between voters and institutions. In the first part, the thesis reconstructs the origins and development of political polarization in the United States, highlighting the role of institutions, economic dynamics, and social changes in the progressive radicalization of political conflict. The analysis then focuses on the challenges faced by the Democratic Party in the era of Trumpism. Through the examination of electoral cleavages and the social bases of Donald Trump’s support, the study shows how his success cannot be explained solely by economic conditions, but is also rooted in identity dynamics and in a growing disaffection toward the political system. In this context, the thesis examines the crisis of the so-called emerging democratic coalition, showing how the Democratic Party’s increasing inability to address the real demands and expectations of its electorate has contributed to making its traditional base of support increasingly fragile and fragmented. Finally, the thesis explores possible trajectories of renewal through an analysis of the case of Zohran Mamdani, interpreted as an example of new forms of political mobilization. In particular, the study examines the role of digital political communication, the involvement of younger generations, and grassroots mobilization, highlighting both the potential and the limits of an alternative model capable of reactivating disillusioned voters and rebuilding the relationship between politics and society. Overall, the thesis argues that the American political system is undergoing a phase of profound transformation, in which electoral competition is increasingly shaped less by programmatic issues and more by identity and communication. In this context, the ability of political parties – and especially the Democratic Party – to redefine their strategies of consensus-building appears crucial for the future of American democracy.
La presente tesi analizza l’evoluzione del sistema politico statunitense in un contesto di crescente polarizzazione, con particolare attenzione alla crisi della coalizione democratica e all’ascesa del trumpismo. L’obiettivo del lavoro è comprendere le trasformazioni strutturali che hanno ridefinito i comportamenti elettorali negli Stati Uniti, individuando possibili traiettorie di rinnovamento della dimensione metapolitica, finalizzate alla ricostruzione del legame tra elettori e istituzioni. Nella prima parte, l’elaborato ricostruisce le origini e lo sviluppo della polarizzazione politica negli Stati Uniti, evidenziando il ruolo delle istituzioni, delle dinamiche economiche e dei cambiamenti sociali nella progressiva radicalizzazione del conflitto politico. L’analisi si concentra quindi sulle sfide del Partito Democratico nell’era del trumpismo. Attraverso l’analisi dei cleavages elettorali e delle basi sociali del consenso di Donald Trump, il lavoro evidenzia come il suo successo non sia riconducibile unicamente a condizioni economiche, ma sia radicato in dinamiche identitarie e in una crescente disaffezione verso il sistema politico. In questo quadro, viene analizzata la crisi della cosiddetta emerging democratic coalition, mostrando come la crescente incapacità del Partito Democratico di intercettare le reali domande e aspettative del proprio elettorato contribuisca a rendere la sua tradizionale base di consenso sempre più fragile e frammentata. Infine, l’elaborato esplora possibili traiettorie di rinnovamento attraverso l’analisi del caso di Zohran Mamdani, interpretato come esempio di nuove forme di mobilitazione politica. In particolare, vengono esaminati il ruolo della comunicazione politica digitale, il coinvolgimento delle nuove generazioni e la mobilitazione dal basso, mettendo in luce le potenzialità e i limiti di un modello alternativo capace di riattivare elettori disillusi e ricostruire un legame tra politica e società. Nel complesso, il lavoro sostiene che il sistema politico statunitense stia attraversando una fase di profonda trasformazione, in cui la competizione elettorale si gioca sempre meno sul terreno programmatico e sempre più su quello identitario e comunicativo. In tale contesto, la capacità dei partiti – e in particolare del Partito Democratico – di ridefinire le proprie strategie di costruzione del consenso appare decisiva per il futuro della democrazia americana.
Verso una nuova coalizione democratica: Mamdani e la ricostruzione del legame politico in un contesto di polarizzazione
D'ANNA, GIOIA
2025/2026
Abstract
The thesis analyzes the evolution of the American political system in a context of growing polarization, with particular attention to the crisis of the Democratic coalition and the rise of Trumpism. The aim of this work is to understand the structural transformations that have reshaped electoral behavior in the United States, identifying possible trajectories for the renewal of the metapolitical dimension, aimed at reconstructing the relationship between voters and institutions. In the first part, the thesis reconstructs the origins and development of political polarization in the United States, highlighting the role of institutions, economic dynamics, and social changes in the progressive radicalization of political conflict. The analysis then focuses on the challenges faced by the Democratic Party in the era of Trumpism. Through the examination of electoral cleavages and the social bases of Donald Trump’s support, the study shows how his success cannot be explained solely by economic conditions, but is also rooted in identity dynamics and in a growing disaffection toward the political system. In this context, the thesis examines the crisis of the so-called emerging democratic coalition, showing how the Democratic Party’s increasing inability to address the real demands and expectations of its electorate has contributed to making its traditional base of support increasingly fragile and fragmented. Finally, the thesis explores possible trajectories of renewal through an analysis of the case of Zohran Mamdani, interpreted as an example of new forms of political mobilization. In particular, the study examines the role of digital political communication, the involvement of younger generations, and grassroots mobilization, highlighting both the potential and the limits of an alternative model capable of reactivating disillusioned voters and rebuilding the relationship between politics and society. Overall, the thesis argues that the American political system is undergoing a phase of profound transformation, in which electoral competition is increasingly shaped less by programmatic issues and more by identity and communication. In this context, the ability of political parties – and especially the Democratic Party – to redefine their strategies of consensus-building appears crucial for the future of American democracy.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/111217