Background: Urinary tract dilatation represents one of the major anomalies detected at prenatal ultrasound screening. This condition is benign in 41-88% of cases; however, it can sometimes be associated with urological malformative anomalies. To date, the most widespread classification system for antenatal dilatation is the one proposed by the Society of Fetal Urology (SFU). The UTD classification system was introduced in 2014 and its prognostic value is still being validated. Objective: To analyze the correlation between the antenatal degree of dilatation of the urinary tract according to the UTD and SFU classification systems and the postnatal clinical outcome in children with antenatal diagnosis of urinary tract dilatation. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 94 cases with prenatal diagnosis of urinary tract dilatation (UTD) in the time period covered by the study (from June 2013 to December 2020). All patients were classified according to the SFU grading system, which distinguishes three degrees of dilatation (mild, moderate and severe) and the UTD system, which distinguishes two degrees of dilatation (A1 and A2-3). The following data were collected: age of the mother, sex of the newborn, gestational time of diagnosis of urinary tract dilatation, mono or bilateral renal involvement, dilatation of the ureters, and the frequencies of the following outcomes: spontaneous resolution of dilatation, urinary tract infections (UTI), vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), diagnosis of urinary tract obstruction and the need for surgery. Univariate logistic models were constructed to assess the correlation between the degree of urinary tract dilatation and three endpoints, namely VUR, UTI, and spontaneous resolution. The results were reported in terms of Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval and p-value. To evaluate the predictive accuracy of the two classification systems with respect to the three aforementioned endpoints the ROC curves were calculated. Results: 76 patients were included in the study. In 34% of cases (26 patients) spontaneous resolution was observed within the first month of life. For spontaneous resolution, moderate SFU grade was associated with an OR=0.35 (p-value=0.06), while UTD A2-3 was associated with an OR=0.14 (p-value <0.001). For the vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) endpoint, moderate SFU grade had an OR=1.23 (p-value=0.88), severe SFU grade was associated with an OR=24.89 (p-value=0.004), while, for the UTD grade A2-3 an OR=7.31 (p-value=0.06) was calculated. For the urinary tract infection (UTI) endpoint, an OR=2.56 (p-value= 0.45) was estimated for the moderate SFU grade, for the severe SFU grade an OR=14.55 (p-value=0.02) was calculated, while UTD grade A2-3 had an OR=6.22 (p-value=0.09). For the reflux endpoint (RVU), the ROC curves showed an AUC of 0.827 and 0.683, respectively for the SFU and UTD classification systems. For the infection endpoint (UTI), an AUC of 0.767 for the SFU system and 0.673 for the UTD system was calculated. For the spontaneous resolution endpoint, an AUC of 0.745 for the SFU grading and 0.725 for the UTD grading was calculated. Conclusions: For both classifications the low-risk grades, mild for the SFU system and A1 for the UTD system, correlated significantly with spontaneous resolution of dilatation. The grades of major severity, SFU severe and UTD A2-3, correlated well with the obstruction and surgery endpoints, and are significantly associated with the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux; on the other hand, in relation to urinary tract infection, there is a greater correlation with the severe SFU grade, compared to the UTD A2-3 grade. From the comparison of the two classification systems, in the analysed sample, the SFU grading seems to be of higher accuracy than the UTD classification for the prediction of vesicoureteral reflux and urinary tract infections.
Background:La dilatazione delle vie urinarie è una delle maggiori alterazioni rilevate allo screening ecografico prenatale. Tale condizione è benigna nel 41-88% dei casi, tuttavia, può talora associarsi ad anomalie urologiche malformative. Ad oggi, il sistema di classificazione della dilatazione prenatale più diffuso è quello proposto dalla Society of Fetal Urology (SFU); nel 2014 è stata introdotta la classificazione UTD il cui valore prognostico è tuttora in via di validazione. Scopo:Analizzare la correlazione tra il grado prenatale di dilatazione del tratto urinario, secondo i sistemi di classificazione UTD e SFU, e l’outcome clinico postnatale nei bambini con diagnosi prenatale di dilatazione delle vie urinarie. Materiali e metodi:Nel periodo di tempo oggetto dello studio (giugno 2013 a dicembre 2020) è stata eseguita un'analisi retrospettiva su 94 casi con diagnosi prenatale di UTD (Urinary Tract Dilatation). I pazienti sono stati classificati secondo il sistema di grading SFU, che distingue tre gradi di dilatazione (lieve, moderato e severo) e il sistema UTD, che riconosce due gradi di dilatazione (A1 e A2-3). Sono stati raccolti i seguenti dati: età della madre, sesso del neonato, epoca gestazionale di diagnosi della dilatazione del tratto urinario, interessamento renale mono o bilaterale, dilatazione degli ureteri e le frequenze dei seguenti outcome: risoluzione spontanea della dilatazione, infezione delle vie urinarie (IVU), reflusso uretero-vescicale (RVU), diagnosi di ostruzione del tratto urinario e necessità di intervento chirurgico. Per valutare la correlazione tra il grado di dilatazione del tratto urinario e tre endpoints, ossia RVU, IVU e la risoluzione spontanea, sono stati costruiti modelli logistici univariati. I risultati sono stati riportati in termini di Odds Ratio (OR) con intervallo di confidenza al 95% e p-value. Per valutare l’accuratezza predittiva delle due classificazioni rispetto ai tre endpoints suddetti sono state calcolate le curve ROC. Risultati:Sono stati inclusi nello studio 76 casi. Nel 34% dei casi (26 casi) è stata registrata la risoluzione spontanea entro il primo di mese di vita. Per la risoluzione spontanea il grado SFU moderato è stato associato a un OR=0.35 (p-value=0.06), invece il grado UTD A2-3 a un OR=0.14 (p-value<0.001). Per l’endpoint reflusso vescico-ureterale (RVU) il grado SFU moderato presenta un OR=1,23 (p-value=0.88), il grado SFU severo si associa a un OR=24,89 (p-value=0.004), mentre, per il grado UTD A2-3 si calcola un OR=7,31 (p-value=0.06). Rispetto all’endpoint infezione delle vie urinarie (IVU), per il grado SFU moderato si stima un OR=2,56 (p-value=0,45), per il grado SFU severo si calcola un OR=14,55 (p-value=0,02), mentre il grado UTD A2-3 presenta un OR=6,22 (p-value=0.09). Per l’endpoint reflusso (RVU), le curve ROC presentano una AUC pari a 0.827 e 0.683, rispettivamente per la classificazione SFU e UTD. Per l’endpoint infezione (IVU), si calcola una AUC pari a 0.767 per il sistema SFU e 0.673 per il sistema UTD. Infine, per l’endpoint risoluzione spontanea, si calcola una AUC pari a 0.745 per la classificazione SFU e 0.725 per la classificazione UTD. Conclusioni:I gradi a basso rischio delle due classificazioni, lieve per il sistema SFU e A1 per il sistema UTD, correlano in maniera significativa con la risoluzione spontanea della dilatazione. I gradi di severità maggiore, SFU severo e UTD A2-3, correlano bene con gli endpoint ostruzione e ricorso alla chirurgia e risultano associati in maniera statisticamente significativa alla diagnosi di reflusso vescico-ureterale; invece, in relazione all’infezione urinaria, emerge una correlazione maggiore con il grado SFU severo, rispetto al grado UTD A2-3. Dal confronto dei due sistemi classificativi, nel campione analizzato, il grading SFU sembra essere di accuratezza superiore alla classificazione UTD per la previsione di reflusso vescico-ureterale e di infezioni urinarie.
Dilatazione congenita delle vie urinarie: valore prognostico dei sistemi di grading ecografico
KHALID, KIREN
2021/2022
Abstract
Background: Urinary tract dilatation represents one of the major anomalies detected at prenatal ultrasound screening. This condition is benign in 41-88% of cases; however, it can sometimes be associated with urological malformative anomalies. To date, the most widespread classification system for antenatal dilatation is the one proposed by the Society of Fetal Urology (SFU). The UTD classification system was introduced in 2014 and its prognostic value is still being validated. Objective: To analyze the correlation between the antenatal degree of dilatation of the urinary tract according to the UTD and SFU classification systems and the postnatal clinical outcome in children with antenatal diagnosis of urinary tract dilatation. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 94 cases with prenatal diagnosis of urinary tract dilatation (UTD) in the time period covered by the study (from June 2013 to December 2020). All patients were classified according to the SFU grading system, which distinguishes three degrees of dilatation (mild, moderate and severe) and the UTD system, which distinguishes two degrees of dilatation (A1 and A2-3). The following data were collected: age of the mother, sex of the newborn, gestational time of diagnosis of urinary tract dilatation, mono or bilateral renal involvement, dilatation of the ureters, and the frequencies of the following outcomes: spontaneous resolution of dilatation, urinary tract infections (UTI), vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), diagnosis of urinary tract obstruction and the need for surgery. Univariate logistic models were constructed to assess the correlation between the degree of urinary tract dilatation and three endpoints, namely VUR, UTI, and spontaneous resolution. The results were reported in terms of Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval and p-value. To evaluate the predictive accuracy of the two classification systems with respect to the three aforementioned endpoints the ROC curves were calculated. Results: 76 patients were included in the study. In 34% of cases (26 patients) spontaneous resolution was observed within the first month of life. For spontaneous resolution, moderate SFU grade was associated with an OR=0.35 (p-value=0.06), while UTD A2-3 was associated with an OR=0.14 (p-value <0.001). For the vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) endpoint, moderate SFU grade had an OR=1.23 (p-value=0.88), severe SFU grade was associated with an OR=24.89 (p-value=0.004), while, for the UTD grade A2-3 an OR=7.31 (p-value=0.06) was calculated. For the urinary tract infection (UTI) endpoint, an OR=2.56 (p-value= 0.45) was estimated for the moderate SFU grade, for the severe SFU grade an OR=14.55 (p-value=0.02) was calculated, while UTD grade A2-3 had an OR=6.22 (p-value=0.09). For the reflux endpoint (RVU), the ROC curves showed an AUC of 0.827 and 0.683, respectively for the SFU and UTD classification systems. For the infection endpoint (UTI), an AUC of 0.767 for the SFU system and 0.673 for the UTD system was calculated. For the spontaneous resolution endpoint, an AUC of 0.745 for the SFU grading and 0.725 for the UTD grading was calculated. Conclusions: For both classifications the low-risk grades, mild for the SFU system and A1 for the UTD system, correlated significantly with spontaneous resolution of dilatation. The grades of major severity, SFU severe and UTD A2-3, correlated well with the obstruction and surgery endpoints, and are significantly associated with the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux; on the other hand, in relation to urinary tract infection, there is a greater correlation with the severe SFU grade, compared to the UTD A2-3 grade. From the comparison of the two classification systems, in the analysed sample, the SFU grading seems to be of higher accuracy than the UTD classification for the prediction of vesicoureteral reflux and urinary tract infections.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/11126