The thesis analyzes the relationship between electoral systems and their associated political communication strategies, paying particular attention to the processes of personalization of political leaders in contemporary democracies. The research is mainly based on the analysis of electoral systems and how, based on theory, they should have more party-oriented communication or their respective leaders. Starting from this assessment, the paper aims to analyze whether these dynamics still occur in the current political context, characterized by the presence of digital media and social networks, or whether there have been transformations. The first part analyzes the evolution of political communication: from the first phase concerning mass parties to the subsequent phases characterized by the birth of television and social media. Highlighting the progressive transition from a politics strongly linked to parties to a communication increasingly oriented towards the personalization and centrality of the leader. In the central section, the functioning of majoritarian, proportional, and mixed electoral systems is analyzed. This in-depth analysis is useful for understanding which communication strategies, according to the theory, tend to be associated with each model. The final section focuses on a comparative analysis of two countries with different electoral systems: France, with a majoritarian and semi-presidential system; and Italy, with a mixed, predominantly proportional system. By analyzing these systems, we are able to analyze the political context and the various strategies used for election campaigns in recent years, focusing primarily on leaders such as Emmanuel Macron, Marine Le Pen, Silvio Berlusconi, and Giorgia Meloni. In this way, it emerges that the communication strategies used are no longer exclusively linked to the type of electoral system adopted, but the use of personalization and centrality of the leader is increasingly emerging. This research shows that, in the French case, theories related to the adopted electoral system and various communication strategies are confirmed by the strong centrality of the leaders present to date; in the Italian case, however, the situation changes as a strong growth in personalization and leader centrality is observed, thus different from the theoretical basis that proposes a greater presence and centrality of parties. Electoral systems therefore tend to influence the strategies and political communication to be adopted, but not entirely. In the current political context, this relationship is changing, increasingly allowing new media to advance and fostering political personalization, consequently leading to a greater reduction in the differences traditionally identified by theory.
La tesi analizza la relazione esistente tra i sistemi elettorali e le strategie di comunicazione politica ad essi associate, ponendo particolare attenzione ai processi di personalizzazione dei leader politici nelle democrazie contemporanee. La ricerca si basa principalmente sull’analisi dei sistemi elettorali e come, in base alla teoria, dovrebbero avere una comunicazione orientata maggiormente verso i partiti o i loro rispettivi leader. A partire da tale valutazione, il lavoro si propone di analizzare se tali dinamiche si verifichino ancora nell’attuale contesto politico, caratterizzato dalla presenza dei media digitali e social network, oppure se ci siano state delle trasformazioni. Nella prima parte viene analizzata l’evoluzione della comunicazione politica: dalla prima fase riguardante i partiti di massa fino alle successive fasi caratterizzate dalla nascita della televisione e dei social media. Evidenziando il progressivo passaggio da una politica fortemente legata ai partiti a una comunicazione sempre più orientata alla personalizzazione e centralità del leader. Nella parte centrale, si analizza il funzionamento dei sistemi elettorali maggioritari, proporzionali e misti. Tale approfondimento risulta utile per comprendere poi quali strategie comunicative, secondo la teoria, si tendono ad associare a ciascun modello. L’ultima parte si concentra invece su un’analisi comparata di due paesi aventi sistemi elettorali differenti: Francia, con un sistema maggioritario e semipresidenziale; e Italia con un sistema misto prevalentemente proporzionale. Attraverso l’analisi di questi sistemi si è in grado di analizzare il contesto politico e le varie strategie utilizzate per le campagne elettorali degli ultimi anni, focalizzandosi principalmente su leader come: Emmanuel Macron, Marine Le Pen, Silvio Berlusconi e Giorgia Meloni. Emerge in questo modo come le strategie comunicative utilizzate non siano più esclusivamente legate alla tipologia di sistema elettorale adottato, ma emerge sempre più l’utilizzo di personalizzazione e centralità del leader. Tale ricerca mostra infatti che, nel caso francese le teorie legate al sistema elettorale adottato e le varie strategie comunicative vengono confermate dalla forte centralità dei leader ad oggi presenti; nel caso italiano invece la situazione cambia in quanto si osserva una forte crescita di personalizzazione e centralità del leader, differente quindi dalla base teorica che propone una maggiore presenza e centralità dei partiti. I sistemi elettorali tendono quindi a influenzare le strategie e la comunicazione politica da adottare, ma non del tutto. Nell’attuale contesto politico tale rapporto cambia lasciando avanzare sempre più i nuovi media e favorendo la personalizzazione politica, portando di conseguenza a una maggiore riduzione delle differenze tradizionalmente individuate dalla teoria.
Sistemi elettorali e comunicazione politica: tra teoria ed evidenza empirica. I casi di Francia e Italia
PENZO, GIORGIA
2025/2026
Abstract
The thesis analyzes the relationship between electoral systems and their associated political communication strategies, paying particular attention to the processes of personalization of political leaders in contemporary democracies. The research is mainly based on the analysis of electoral systems and how, based on theory, they should have more party-oriented communication or their respective leaders. Starting from this assessment, the paper aims to analyze whether these dynamics still occur in the current political context, characterized by the presence of digital media and social networks, or whether there have been transformations. The first part analyzes the evolution of political communication: from the first phase concerning mass parties to the subsequent phases characterized by the birth of television and social media. Highlighting the progressive transition from a politics strongly linked to parties to a communication increasingly oriented towards the personalization and centrality of the leader. In the central section, the functioning of majoritarian, proportional, and mixed electoral systems is analyzed. This in-depth analysis is useful for understanding which communication strategies, according to the theory, tend to be associated with each model. The final section focuses on a comparative analysis of two countries with different electoral systems: France, with a majoritarian and semi-presidential system; and Italy, with a mixed, predominantly proportional system. By analyzing these systems, we are able to analyze the political context and the various strategies used for election campaigns in recent years, focusing primarily on leaders such as Emmanuel Macron, Marine Le Pen, Silvio Berlusconi, and Giorgia Meloni. In this way, it emerges that the communication strategies used are no longer exclusively linked to the type of electoral system adopted, but the use of personalization and centrality of the leader is increasingly emerging. This research shows that, in the French case, theories related to the adopted electoral system and various communication strategies are confirmed by the strong centrality of the leaders present to date; in the Italian case, however, the situation changes as a strong growth in personalization and leader centrality is observed, thus different from the theoretical basis that proposes a greater presence and centrality of parties. Electoral systems therefore tend to influence the strategies and political communication to be adopted, but not entirely. In the current political context, this relationship is changing, increasingly allowing new media to advance and fostering political personalization, consequently leading to a greater reduction in the differences traditionally identified by theory.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Penzo_Giorgia_2105353.pdf
accesso aperto
Dimensione
707.49 kB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
707.49 kB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/111277