This thesis analyzes the synthesis of porous mullite and alumina-based ceramics produced through the upcycling of waste pharmaceutical glass (BASG). The research focuses on the use of mild alkaline activation on mixtures of metakaolin, γ-alumina, borax, and glass, evaluating the influence of different activators (NH4OH and NaOH) and additives such as sodium carbonate. The experimental procedure involved consolidating the samples using an oven and microwave treatment, followed by a sintering heat treatment at 1400°C. Microstructural and mineralogical characterization, performed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), enabled the identification of crystalline phases and the acicular morphology of the mullite. The results highlight that ammonium hydroxide is the most suitable activator for mullite formation, whereas the use of sodium tends to inhibit the reaction or promote secondary phases such as nepheline. Finally, hydrochloric acid attack confirmed the high chemical stability of the resulting crystalline structures.
Il presente lavoro di tesi analizza la sintesi di ceramici porosi a base di mullite e allumina prodotti attraverso il processo di upcycling di vetro farmaceutico di scarto (BASG). La ricerca si focalizza sull’impiego dell’attivazione alcalina debole su miscele di metacaolino, γ-allumina, borace e vetro, valutando l’influenza degli attivatori (NH4OH e NaOH) e degli additivi come il carbonato di sodio. La procedura sperimentale ha previsto il consolidamento dei campioni tramite stufa e microonde, seguito da un trattamento termico di sinterizzazione a 1400°C. La caratterizzazione microstrutturale e mineralogica, eseguita mediante diffrazione a raggi X (XRD) e microscopia elettronica a scansione (SEM), ha permesso di identificare le fasi cristalline e la morfologia aciculare della mullite. I risultati evidenziano come l’idrossido di ammonio sia l’attivatore più idoneo per la formazione della mullite, mentre l’impiego di sodio tenda a inibire la reazione o a promuovere fasi secondarie come la nefelina. L'attacco con acido cloridrico ha infine confermato l'elevata stabilità delle strutture cristalline ottenute.
Studio dell’influenza dell’attivatore alcalino e degli additivi sulla sintesi di ceramici porosi a base di mullite e allumina
QUAGLIARELLA, ELENA
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis analyzes the synthesis of porous mullite and alumina-based ceramics produced through the upcycling of waste pharmaceutical glass (BASG). The research focuses on the use of mild alkaline activation on mixtures of metakaolin, γ-alumina, borax, and glass, evaluating the influence of different activators (NH4OH and NaOH) and additives such as sodium carbonate. The experimental procedure involved consolidating the samples using an oven and microwave treatment, followed by a sintering heat treatment at 1400°C. Microstructural and mineralogical characterization, performed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), enabled the identification of crystalline phases and the acicular morphology of the mullite. The results highlight that ammonium hydroxide is the most suitable activator for mullite formation, whereas the use of sodium tends to inhibit the reaction or promote secondary phases such as nepheline. Finally, hydrochloric acid attack confirmed the high chemical stability of the resulting crystalline structures.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Quagliarella_Elena.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/111394