HPV vaccination knowledge and uptake: systematic review of current trends and intervention efficacy among adolescents, young adults, and parents

Background: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) causes oncological pathologies, such as cervical, anal, penile and oropharyngeal cancers. Although the efficacy of the vaccination to prevent 90% of cases, vaccine hesitancy is still a global burden. This systematic review aims to analyse the willingness to the vaccination and the efficacy of interventions among adolescents, young adults, and caregivers. Methods: The research was performed between March and May 2026, three databases were interrogated, and 106 studies were included in the final evaluation. Results: A persistent gender gap emerged among all the populations and in every region of the world included in the study. Females present higher levels of knowledge and uptake of the HPV vaccination compared to males due to many factors, particularly the perception of the HPV as a pathology related only to women. The most successful interventions were peer-to-peer education, non-formal education methods, and the use of social media and apps to promote sensitization. Conclusions: The gap between the willingness and uptake of the vaccination is nourished by the feminization of the disease. Strategies to increase global coverage should consider gender-neutral campaigns, reductions in costs, and proactive communication by healthcare workers.