Pregnancy and the postpartum period represent a time of high risk for women to develop depressive disorders. Epidemiological studies conducted across various countries indicate that postpartum depression (PPD) affects, with varying degrees of severity, between 7% to12% of new mothers; and it generally occurs between the 6th and 12th week after delivery, with episodes typically lasting from 2 to 6 months. The development of psychological disorders is associated not only with physiological changes but also with significant psychological shifts during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Childbirth often increases the risk of mental health disorders, which are linked to higher rates of hospitalization and psychiatric treatment. During pregnancy and the postpartum period, women may experience episodes of emotional tension, mood swings, feelings of guilt, insomnia, irritability, anxiety, depressive disorders, hostility, and a failure to respond to the infant's cues. Unfortunately, although the global prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) is estimated at 20%, the condition remains under-researched and under-diagnosed. If left undiagnosed or not taken seriously, untreated PPD can lead to an impaired mother-infant bond, compromised neurological and behavioral development in the infant, neglect of the infant, and, in the most severe cases, infanticide and/or maternal suicidal tendencies. In addition to traditional antidepressant therapy, drugs utilizing a novel approach to treating PPD have recently been approved. These drugs are brexanolone and its synthetic analogue zuranolone, neurosteroids that act as positive modulators of GABA-A receptors; they represent a significant pharmacological innovation and are the primary focus of this thesis.
Uno dei periodi della vita a maggior rischio di sviluppare patologie depressive per le donne è rappresentato dalla gravidanza e dal periodo post-partum. Gli studi epidemiologici che sono stati condotti nei diversi paesi evidenziano che la depressione post-partum (DPP) colpisce, con diversi livelli di gravità, dal 7 al 12% delle neomamme ed esordisce generalmente tra la 6ª e la 12ª settimana dopo il parto, con episodi che durano tipicamente da 2 a 6 mesi. Lo sviluppo dei disturbi psicologici è associato non solo a cambiamenti fisiologici ma anche a cambiamenti psicologici importanti durante la gravidanza e il periodo post partum. Il parto spesso aumenta il rischio della comparsa dei disturbi mentali, associati a tassi più elevati di ospedalizzazione e trattamento psichiatrico. Durante la gravidanza e il post-partum, la donna può infatti manifestare episodi di tensione emotiva, sbalzi d’umore, senso di colpa, insonnia, irritabilità, ansia, disturbo depressivo, ostilità e mancata risposta ai segnali del neonato. Purtroppo, nonostante la prevalenza globale della DPP è stimata al 20%, questo disturbo è ancora poco studiato e sottodiagnosticato. Se non diagnosticata o non presa seriamente, il mancato trattamento della DPP può portare ad un legame madre-bambino inadeguato, a uno sviluppo neurologico e comportamentale compromesso del neonato, alla negligenza nella cura del neonato, e nei casi più gravi all’infanticidio, e/o a tendenze suicide della madre. Oltre alla terapia tradizionale con i farmaci antidepressivi, sono stati recentemente approvati farmaci che sfruttano un nuovo approccio per il trattamento della DPP. Questi farmaci sono il brexanolone e il suo analogo sintetico zuranolone, neurosteroidi modulatori positivi dei recettori GABA-A che rappresentano un'importante innovazione farmacologica e che sono l’oggetto principale di questo elaborato di tesi.
I NUOVI MODULATORI DEL RECETTORE DEL GABA-A BREXANOLONE E ZURANOLONE PER IL TRATTAMENTO DELLA DEPRESSIONE POST-PARTUM
KAUR, AMANPREET
2025/2026
Abstract
Pregnancy and the postpartum period represent a time of high risk for women to develop depressive disorders. Epidemiological studies conducted across various countries indicate that postpartum depression (PPD) affects, with varying degrees of severity, between 7% to12% of new mothers; and it generally occurs between the 6th and 12th week after delivery, with episodes typically lasting from 2 to 6 months. The development of psychological disorders is associated not only with physiological changes but also with significant psychological shifts during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Childbirth often increases the risk of mental health disorders, which are linked to higher rates of hospitalization and psychiatric treatment. During pregnancy and the postpartum period, women may experience episodes of emotional tension, mood swings, feelings of guilt, insomnia, irritability, anxiety, depressive disorders, hostility, and a failure to respond to the infant's cues. Unfortunately, although the global prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) is estimated at 20%, the condition remains under-researched and under-diagnosed. If left undiagnosed or not taken seriously, untreated PPD can lead to an impaired mother-infant bond, compromised neurological and behavioral development in the infant, neglect of the infant, and, in the most severe cases, infanticide and/or maternal suicidal tendencies. In addition to traditional antidepressant therapy, drugs utilizing a novel approach to treating PPD have recently been approved. These drugs are brexanolone and its synthetic analogue zuranolone, neurosteroids that act as positive modulators of GABA-A receptors; they represent a significant pharmacological innovation and are the primary focus of this thesis.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/111597