Energy is a fundamental resource and, over time, an increasingly strategic one for humankind. In the current context, its efficient production and management represent a global priority, and in this perspective it is essential to identify solutions capable of recovering and enhancing energy that would otherwise be dissipated. This thesis is situated within this field, with the aim of collecting and analysing the most significant and recent research on the use of Pumps as Turbines (PATs) as one of the solutions for energy recovery. The study has been developed from a technical, economic, and environmental perspective, highlighting the advantages and limitations of PATs compared to conventional turbines. The work begins with a general overview of the current energy context and the role of renewable energy sources, followed by a description of hydraulic systems and the main machines used for energy production, such as turbines and pump-turbines. Subsequently, the operating principles of PATs are examined in depth, and a multidisciplinary analysis methodology is developed. From a performance standpoint, theoretical and empirical models developed to derive the characteristic curves of PATs are analysed, followed by a brief discussion of cavitation and control strategies, alongside economic and environmental assessments. Finally, it is shown how these tools can be applied to a real case study in order to verify their feasibility.
L’energia costituisce una risorsa fondamentale e, col passare del tempo, sempre più strategica per l’essere umano; nel contesto attuale la sua efficiente produzione e gestione costituiscono una priorità globale e, in tale prospettiva, risulta essenziale individuare soluzioni che siano in grado di recuperare e valorizzarne una quantità altrimenti dissipata. Il presente elaborato si inserisce in questo ambito con l’obiettivo di raccogliere e analizzare le più significative e recenti ricerche relative all’impiego delle Pumps as Turbines (PATs) come una delle soluzioni per il recupero energetico. La ricerca è stata sviluppata sotto il profilo tecnico, economico e ambientale, evidenziando vantaggi e limiti delle PATs rispetto alle turbine tradizionali. L’elaborato parte con una panoramica generale del contesto energetico attuale e del ruolo delle energie rinnovabili, seguita dalla descrizione dei sistemi idrici e delle principali macchine utilizzate per la produzione di energia, quali turbine e pompe-turbine. Successivamente, si approfondisce il funzionamento delle PATs e si sviluppa una metodologia di analisi multidisciplinare. Da un punto di vista prestazionale, si analizzano i modelli teorici ed empirici sviluppati col fine di ricavare le curve caratteristiche delle PATs, seguito da un breve accenno alla cavitazione e alle strategie di regolazione, affiancate da valutazioni economiche e ambientali. Infine, si dimostra come tali strumenti possano essere applicati a un caso reale per verificarne la fattibilità.
Valutazione delle prestazioni di una pump-as-turbine
RIGNANESE, ANNA MARIA
2025/2026
Abstract
Energy is a fundamental resource and, over time, an increasingly strategic one for humankind. In the current context, its efficient production and management represent a global priority, and in this perspective it is essential to identify solutions capable of recovering and enhancing energy that would otherwise be dissipated. This thesis is situated within this field, with the aim of collecting and analysing the most significant and recent research on the use of Pumps as Turbines (PATs) as one of the solutions for energy recovery. The study has been developed from a technical, economic, and environmental perspective, highlighting the advantages and limitations of PATs compared to conventional turbines. The work begins with a general overview of the current energy context and the role of renewable energy sources, followed by a description of hydraulic systems and the main machines used for energy production, such as turbines and pump-turbines. Subsequently, the operating principles of PATs are examined in depth, and a multidisciplinary analysis methodology is developed. From a performance standpoint, theoretical and empirical models developed to derive the characteristic curves of PATs are analysed, followed by a brief discussion of cavitation and control strategies, alongside economic and environmental assessments. Finally, it is shown how these tools can be applied to a real case study in order to verify their feasibility.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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PPT_tesi_PAT (1).pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/111715