In recent times, microplastic pollution has increasingly been documented in detail in different environments, but it is still poorly studied in caves and karst aquifers. To deepen this knowledge and better understand how microplastics are ubiquitous pollutants, the sediments of the Spurga delle Cadene cave, in north-eastern Italy, were analysed. This karst cavity is situated on the Lessini Mountains plateau, on the left bank of the River Adige, along the Lagarina Valley. The history of the Spurga delle Cadene has been significantly marked, starting from the 1970s, by more than two decades of continuous pollution of the underground stream, due to the discharge of pig slurry and other pollutants into the sinkholes on the plateau above the cave, leading to severe environmental contamination. The analysed sediments inside this cave were taken from the hydrologically active lower part, affected by the polluting events, and from the upper branch, which is never reached by floods, to get a more precise idea of the pollution distribution. Microplastic particles were extracted from sediments via a density-separation procedure, and filters were examined under a stereo microscope, with which the microplastics were counted. Within the Spurga delle Cadene cave, an average concentration of 1.7 microplastics per gram was found, with values ranging from 0.3 to 2.4 items/g. These results were compared with similar studies from other caves worldwide to evaluate the environmental risks posed by microplastics, revealing that Spurga delle Cadene pollution levels were consistent with the other studied karst systems. Therefore, a comparison was also drawn between the pollution levels of caves and those of other environments, and it emerged that karst systems are threatened and endangered to the same extent as the others. In the Spurga delle Cadene, the results showed similar values of microplastic concentrations for both the lower and upper parts of the cave, although they were impacted differently by pollution sources, meaning that all the different zones of the cave are approximately contaminated in the same quantity. This study aims to highlight that caves are not isolated environments, but are closely connected with the outside world. Despite this, there is still a huge lack of knowledge in the field, and many more studies are needed to preserve these fragile environments.
Negli ultimi anni si è molto sviluppato lo studio dell’inquinamento da microplastiche in diversi ambienti, ma la loro distribuzione nelle cavità carsiche, nelle grotte e nelle falde acquifere rimane ancora poco conosciuta. Per approfondire questo aspetto e meglio comprendere l’ubiquità delle microplastiche, sono stati analizzati i sedimenti della Spurga delle Cadene, una grotta situata nell'altopiano dei Monti Lessini, sulla riva sinistra del fiume Adige, in Val Lagarina. È stata approfondita la ricerca in questa cavità perché la sua storia è segnata da oltre due decenni di inquinamento continuo del corso d'acqua sotterraneo, a partire dal 1970, dovuto allo scarico di liquami suini nelle doline sovrastanti, che causò una conseguente grave contaminazione ambientale. I sedimenti analizzati all'interno della grotta sono stati prelevati sia dalla parte inferiore, interessata dai flussi idrici e dall'evento inquinante, sia dalla parte superiore, che non veniva raggiunta dai liquami nemmeno durante le piene, per ottenere una stima più precisa dell'impatto dell'inquinamento. Le microplastiche sono state estratte dai sedimenti mediante una procedura di separazione per densità e i filtri sono stati esaminati tramite uno stereomicroscopio, con il quale è stato effettuato il conteggio delle microplastiche. All’interno della Spurga delle Cadene è stata rilevata una concentrazione media di 1,7 microplastiche per grammo, con valori compresi tra 0,3 e 2,4. Questi risultati sono stati confrontati con studi analoghi condotti in altre grotte nel mondo per valutare i rischi ambientali rappresentati dalle microplastiche, rivelando che i livelli di inquinamento della Spurga delle Cadene sono in linea con quelli degli altri sistemi carsici studiati. È stato quindi effettuato anche un confronto tra i livelli di inquinamento delle grotte e quelli di altri ambienti, ed è emerso che le grotte sono minacciate e a rischio tanto quanto gli altri ecosistemi. Nella Spurga delle Cadene i risultati hanno mostrato valori simili di concentrazioni di microplastiche sia nella parte inferiore che in quella superiore della grotta, sebbene avessero fonti d’inquinamento diverse; ciò significa che tutte le diverse zone della grotta sono contaminate approssimativamente nella stessa misura. Questo studio mira a sottolineare che le grotte non sono ambienti isolati, ma strettamente collegati al mondo esterno. Ciononostante, vi è ancora un’enorme lacuna di conoscenze in questo campo e sono necessari molti altri studi per preservare questi fragili ambienti.
Searching for microplastics in an active cave: the case of Spurga delle Cadene
MARCHI, FRANCESCA
2025/2026
Abstract
In recent times, microplastic pollution has increasingly been documented in detail in different environments, but it is still poorly studied in caves and karst aquifers. To deepen this knowledge and better understand how microplastics are ubiquitous pollutants, the sediments of the Spurga delle Cadene cave, in north-eastern Italy, were analysed. This karst cavity is situated on the Lessini Mountains plateau, on the left bank of the River Adige, along the Lagarina Valley. The history of the Spurga delle Cadene has been significantly marked, starting from the 1970s, by more than two decades of continuous pollution of the underground stream, due to the discharge of pig slurry and other pollutants into the sinkholes on the plateau above the cave, leading to severe environmental contamination. The analysed sediments inside this cave were taken from the hydrologically active lower part, affected by the polluting events, and from the upper branch, which is never reached by floods, to get a more precise idea of the pollution distribution. Microplastic particles were extracted from sediments via a density-separation procedure, and filters were examined under a stereo microscope, with which the microplastics were counted. Within the Spurga delle Cadene cave, an average concentration of 1.7 microplastics per gram was found, with values ranging from 0.3 to 2.4 items/g. These results were compared with similar studies from other caves worldwide to evaluate the environmental risks posed by microplastics, revealing that Spurga delle Cadene pollution levels were consistent with the other studied karst systems. Therefore, a comparison was also drawn between the pollution levels of caves and those of other environments, and it emerged that karst systems are threatened and endangered to the same extent as the others. In the Spurga delle Cadene, the results showed similar values of microplastic concentrations for both the lower and upper parts of the cave, although they were impacted differently by pollution sources, meaning that all the different zones of the cave are approximately contaminated in the same quantity. This study aims to highlight that caves are not isolated environments, but are closely connected with the outside world. Despite this, there is still a huge lack of knowledge in the field, and many more studies are needed to preserve these fragile environments.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/111751