Suspension bridges represent the most efficient structural solution for spanning large distances, and their operation relies entirely on the behavior of the main cables. These elements work exclusively in tension, capable of transferring the deck loads to the towers and anchorage blocks with significantly less material usage compared to traditional structural typologies. This thesis analyzes the structural behavior of the main cable in a suspension bridge, from the theory governing its statics to the regulatory verification applied to a practical case study. Following a historical overview on the evolution of suspension and cable-stayed bridges and the role of high-strength steel, the paper addresses the statics of the simple cable. It recalls the equilibrium configurations of the catenary and the parabola and studies their response to various load conditions: concentrated vertical and horizontal forces, and loads distributed over a portion of the span. The analysis highlights the non-linear character of the cable's response and the central role of the sag-to-span ratio in the system's stiffness. The main types of structural cables are then examined—spiral ropes, locked coil ropes, and parallel wire cables—comparing their mechanical properties, installation methods, and specific issues such as relaxation and fatigue. The regulatory framework is reconstructed starting from the NTC 2018 (Italian Building Code) and UNI EN 1993-1-11, which is dedicated to structures with tension components. This section illustrates the verification criteria for ultimate and serviceability limit states, the specific approach to the fatigue of tensioned components, and the corrosion protection requirements. The final part of the work applies the developed theoretical and regulatory tools to a case study: the calculation of a cable subjected to its self-weight and external loads, determining the internal stresses and conducting the safety verifications required by the regulations. The outlined path demonstrates how the analytical modeling of the cable, despite its simplicity, provides the essential elements for the sizing of these components, which constitute the structural heart of large-span works.
I ponti sospesi rappresentano la soluzione strutturale più efficiente per il superamento delle grandi luci, e il loro funzionamento si fonda interamente sul comportamento dei cavi portanti: elementi lavoranti a sola trazione, capaci di trasferire i carichi dell'impalcato alle torri e ai blocchi di ancoraggio con un impiego di materiale nettamente inferiore rispetto alle tipologie strutturali tradizionali. Il presente lavoro di tesi analizza il comportamento strutturale del cavo portante di un ponte sospeso, dalla teoria che ne governa la statica fino alla verifica normativa su un caso pratico. Dopo un inquadramento storico sull'evoluzione dei ponti sospesi e strallati e sul ruolo dell'acciaio ad alta resistenza, l'elaborato affronta la statica del cavo semplice, richiamando le configurazioni di equilibrio della catenaria e della parabola e studiandone la risposta a diverse condizioni di carico: forze concentrate verticali e orizzontali e carichi distribuiti su una porzione della campata. L'analisi evidenzia il carattere non lineare della risposta del cavo e il ruolo centrale del rapporto freccia-luce nella rigidezza del sistema. Vengono quindi esaminate le principali tipologie di cavi strutturali — funi spiroidali, funi chiuse e funi a fili paralleli — confrontandone proprietà meccaniche, modalità di posa in opera e problematiche specifiche quali rilassamento e fatica. Il quadro normativo di riferimento viene ricostruito a partire dalle NTC 2018 e dalla UNI EN 1993-1-11, dedicata alle strutture con elementi tesi, illustrando i criteri di verifica agli stati limite ultimi e di esercizio, l'approccio specifico alla fatica dei componenti tesi e i requisiti di protezione dalla corrosione. L'ultima parte del lavoro applica gli strumenti teorici e normativi sviluppati a un caso di studio: il calcolo di un cavo soggetto al peso proprio e a carichi esterni, con la determinazione delle tensioni interne e la conduzione delle verifiche di sicurezza previste dalla normativa. Il percorso svolto mostra come la modellazione analitica del cavo, pur nella sua semplicità, fornisca gli elementi essenziali per il dimensionamento di questi componenti, cuore strutturale delle opere di grande luce.
Analisi strutturale e dimensionamento dei cavi portanti nei ponti sospesi
ORLANDINI, TEODORO CORNELIO
2025/2026
Abstract
Suspension bridges represent the most efficient structural solution for spanning large distances, and their operation relies entirely on the behavior of the main cables. These elements work exclusively in tension, capable of transferring the deck loads to the towers and anchorage blocks with significantly less material usage compared to traditional structural typologies. This thesis analyzes the structural behavior of the main cable in a suspension bridge, from the theory governing its statics to the regulatory verification applied to a practical case study. Following a historical overview on the evolution of suspension and cable-stayed bridges and the role of high-strength steel, the paper addresses the statics of the simple cable. It recalls the equilibrium configurations of the catenary and the parabola and studies their response to various load conditions: concentrated vertical and horizontal forces, and loads distributed over a portion of the span. The analysis highlights the non-linear character of the cable's response and the central role of the sag-to-span ratio in the system's stiffness. The main types of structural cables are then examined—spiral ropes, locked coil ropes, and parallel wire cables—comparing their mechanical properties, installation methods, and specific issues such as relaxation and fatigue. The regulatory framework is reconstructed starting from the NTC 2018 (Italian Building Code) and UNI EN 1993-1-11, which is dedicated to structures with tension components. This section illustrates the verification criteria for ultimate and serviceability limit states, the specific approach to the fatigue of tensioned components, and the corrosion protection requirements. The final part of the work applies the developed theoretical and regulatory tools to a case study: the calculation of a cable subjected to its self-weight and external loads, determining the internal stresses and conducting the safety verifications required by the regulations. The outlined path demonstrates how the analytical modeling of the cable, despite its simplicity, provides the essential elements for the sizing of these components, which constitute the structural heart of large-span works.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Tesi_finale.pdf
accesso aperto
Dimensione
2.52 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
2.52 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/111803