The atrial fibrillation (AF) currently represents the most common non-physiological supraventricular tachyarrhythmia in dogs. It has been known for over a century and it has been frequently diagnosed in other species including humans. In particular, galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a lectin associated with processes such as inflammation, fibrosis, and immune response; in the medical field, increased levels of this biomarker have been shown to be predictive of AF. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the serum concentration of galectin-3 in dogs affected by acquired cardiac diseases, with or without AF. The hypothesis formulated was that dogs with AF would show increased serum concentrations of Gal-3. The study was conducted on dogs evaluated from July 2017 to October 2023 at the cardiology departments of the University of Padova and the University of Bologna. All animals included in the study underwent a clinical examination and complete echocardiographic evaluation. The dogs were divided into two groups: animals with sinus rhythm and animals with cardiac disease. Serum concentrations of Gal-3 were compared in a statistically significant manner using a canine-specific commercial ELISA kit, both in healthy dogs and in dogs affected by cardiomyopathy, with and without AF. Furthermore, the relationships between Gal-3 levels and clinical and echocardiographic parameters were evaluated. The study population included a total of 73 client-owned dogs, of which 17/73 (23.3%) were cardiologically healthy and 56/73 (76.7%) had cardiac diseases, such as dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and myxomatous mitral valve degeneration (MMVD); among these, 26/56 (46.4%) dogs were affected by AF and 30/56 (53.6%) had cardiac disease but maintained sinus rhythm. The presence or absence of AF was assessed using a 6- or 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) for a minimum duration of at least 3 minutes. No statistically significant difference in Gal-3 concentrations was found between the two groups, with and without AF. However, a significant positive correlation between Gal-3 levels and age was observed (r = 0.47; p < 0.001), whereas a negative correlation with body weight was detected (r = −0.45; p < 0.001). In conclusion, the results obtained from this study suggest that Gal-3 does not play a significant role in the development of AF in dogs, but appears to be associated with increasing age.
La fibrillazione atriale (FA) rappresenta ad oggi la tachiaritmia sopraventricolare non fisiologica di più frequente riscontro nel cane, comunemente diagnosticata anche in altre specie, come l’uomo. Negli ultimi anni, l’attenzione della ricerca si è concentrata sull’identificazione di biomarcatori utili alla diagnosi e alla prognosi di questa aritmia. Tra questi, la galectina-3 (Gal-3), una lectina coinvolta nei processi di infiammazione, fibrosi e risposta immunitaria, ha suscitato particolare interesse. In medicina umana, infatti, un aumento delle concentrazioni di Gal-3 è stato associato alla presenza di FA ed è considerato un potenziale fattore predittivo di tale patologia. L’obiettivo di questo studio retrospettivo è stato quello di indagare la concentrazione sierica della galectina-3 in cani affetti da patologie cardiache acquisite, con o senza FA. L’ipotesi formulata consiste in un aumento della concentrazione sierica della Gal-3 nei cani con FA. L’indagine è stata condotta su cani riferiti nel periodo compreso tra luglio 2017 e ottobre 2023 presso le unità operative di cardiologia degli Ospedali Veterinari Universitari Didattici delle Università di Padova e di Bologna. Tutti gli animali inclusi nello studio sono stati sottoposti a visita clinica e a un esame ecocardiografico completo. Successivamente, i soggetti sono stati classificati in tre gruppi sperimentali: cani con ritmo sinusale, cani affetti da cardiopatia senza evidenza di fibrillazione atriale e cani con fibrillazione atriale. Sono state confrontate, in maniera statisticamente significativa, le concentrazioni sieriche di Gal-3, mediante l’utilizzo di un kit commerciale ELISA specifico per il cane, sia in cani sani sia in cani affetti da cardiopatia, con e senza FA. Inoltre, sono state valutate le correlazioni tra i livelli di Gal-3 e i parametri clinici ed ecocardiografici. La popolazione dello studio presenta un totale di 73 cani di proprietà, di cui 17/73 (23.3% ) cani cardiologicamente sani e 56 /73 (76.7%) affetti da patologie cardiache, quali cardiomiopatia dilatativa (DCM) e degenerazione mixomatosa della valvola mitralica (MMVD);tra questi 26/56 (46.4%) cani erano affetti da FA e 30/56 (53.6%) presentavano ritmo sinusale. La presenza o l’assenza di FA è stata valutata mediante l’uso di elettrocardiogramma (ECG) a 6 o 12 derivazioni, per una durata minima di almeno 3 minuti. Non è stata rilevata alcuna differenza statisticamente rilevante nelle concentrazioni di Gal-3 nei due gruppi, con e senza FA. È stata inoltre evidenziata una correlazione positiva significativa tra i livelli di Gal-3 e l’età (r = 0,47; p < 0,001), mentre è stata osservata una correlazione negativa con il peso corporeo (r = −0,45; p < 0,001). In conclusione, i risultati ottenuti tramite questo studio suggeriscono che la Gal-3 non abbia un ruolo rilevante nello sviluppo della FA nei cani, ma risulti essere correlata a un aumento dell’età.
Valutazione della concentrazione sierica di galectina-3 in cani con fibrillazione atriale
ARMENIO, LUCREZIA
2025/2026
Abstract
The atrial fibrillation (AF) currently represents the most common non-physiological supraventricular tachyarrhythmia in dogs. It has been known for over a century and it has been frequently diagnosed in other species including humans. In particular, galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a lectin associated with processes such as inflammation, fibrosis, and immune response; in the medical field, increased levels of this biomarker have been shown to be predictive of AF. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the serum concentration of galectin-3 in dogs affected by acquired cardiac diseases, with or without AF. The hypothesis formulated was that dogs with AF would show increased serum concentrations of Gal-3. The study was conducted on dogs evaluated from July 2017 to October 2023 at the cardiology departments of the University of Padova and the University of Bologna. All animals included in the study underwent a clinical examination and complete echocardiographic evaluation. The dogs were divided into two groups: animals with sinus rhythm and animals with cardiac disease. Serum concentrations of Gal-3 were compared in a statistically significant manner using a canine-specific commercial ELISA kit, both in healthy dogs and in dogs affected by cardiomyopathy, with and without AF. Furthermore, the relationships between Gal-3 levels and clinical and echocardiographic parameters were evaluated. The study population included a total of 73 client-owned dogs, of which 17/73 (23.3%) were cardiologically healthy and 56/73 (76.7%) had cardiac diseases, such as dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and myxomatous mitral valve degeneration (MMVD); among these, 26/56 (46.4%) dogs were affected by AF and 30/56 (53.6%) had cardiac disease but maintained sinus rhythm. The presence or absence of AF was assessed using a 6- or 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) for a minimum duration of at least 3 minutes. No statistically significant difference in Gal-3 concentrations was found between the two groups, with and without AF. However, a significant positive correlation between Gal-3 levels and age was observed (r = 0.47; p < 0.001), whereas a negative correlation with body weight was detected (r = −0.45; p < 0.001). In conclusion, the results obtained from this study suggest that Gal-3 does not play a significant role in the development of AF in dogs, but appears to be associated with increasing age.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/111831