Metaphysical grounding is a relation of non-causal, hyperintensional dependence that is standardly taken to be a strict partial order (irreflexive, asymmetric, transitive). Kit Fine's truthmaker semantics for the Logic of Ground provides an elegant framework for modeling the relation of grounding, but it generates unwanted symmetries: mutual grounding claims between $A$ and $A \wedge A$, and between $A$ and $A \vee A$, that violate the asymmetry and irreflexivity of strict grounding. This thesis diagnoses the root cause as two structural features of the standard state space: the idempotence of the join tensor ($s \sqcup s = s$) and the closure of verification sets under fusion (Amalgamation). Intuitively, the join tensor represents the combination of underlying informational states, or truthmakers. Letting this combination to be idempotent assumes that pooling a piece of information with itself yields nothing new, which philosophically collapses the distinction between a simple fact and its conjunction with itself. Furthermore, closure under fusion assumes that if two separate states ground a fact, their combined aggregate must also ground it. Together, these features ignore the resource-sensitive nature of metaphysical explanation: redundancy matters for distinctions of fundamental reality. To resolve these issues, we replace the join-semilattice with a richer algebraic structure: a bounded residuated lattice with specific axioms, featuring an intensional fusion operator $\circ$ that is not idempotent. This algebraic state space is shown to give rise to a symmetric monoidal closed category. The framework successfully blocks the unwanted symmetries while preserving the core insights of Fine's approach. In the end, framing this categorically shows that the choice between strict and weak grounding comes down to a definitive structural decision: should verification sets be restricted to ideals (closed under fusion), or can they be arbitrary subsets. This shifts the debate from an metaphysical disagreement to a concrete problem about the categorical structure of the state space.
Il fondamento metafisico è una relazione di dipendenza iperintenzionale non causale che viene standardmente considerata un ordine parziale stretto (irriflessivo, asimmetrico, transitivo). La semantica dei "truthmaker" di Kit Fine per la Logica del Fondamento fornisce un elegante quadro di riferimento per modellare la relazione di fondamento, ma genera simmetrie indesiderate: rivendicazioni di fondamento reciproco tra $A$ e $A \wedge A$, e tra $A$ e $A \vee A$, che violano l'asimmetria e l'irriflessività del fondamento stretto. Questa tesi diagnostica la causa principale in due caratteristiche strutturali dello spazio degli stati standard: l'idempotenza del tensore di join ($s \sqcup s = s$) e la chiusura degli insiemi di verifica sotto fusione (Amalgamazione). Intuitivamente, il tensore di join rappresenta la combinazione degli stati informativi sottostanti, o "truthmaker". L'ipotesi che questa combinazione sia idempotente presuppone che l'unione di un'informazione con se stessa non produca nulla di nuovo, il che, a livello filosofico, annulla la distinzione tra un semplice fatto e la sua congiunzione con se stesso. Inoltre, la chiusura sotto fusione presuppone che se due stati separati fondano un fatto, anche il loro aggregato combinato debba fondarlo. Insieme, queste caratteristiche ignorano la natura sensibile alle risorse della spiegazione metafisica: la ridondanza è importante per le distinzioni della realtà fondamentale. Per risolvere questi problemi, sostituiamo il semireticolo di unione con una struttura algebrica più ricca: un reticolo residuato limitato con assiomi specifici, caratterizzato da un operatore di fusione intensionale $\circ$ che non è idempotente. Si dimostra che questo spazio degli stati algebrici dà origine a una categoria chiusa monoidale simmetrica. Il framework blocca con successo le simmetrie indesiderate, preservando al contempo le intuizioni fondamentali dell'approccio di Fine. In definitiva, inquadrando la questione in termini categorici, emerge che la scelta tra un fondamento rigoroso e uno debole si riduce a una decisione strutturale definitiva: gli insiemi di verifica devono essere limitati agli ideali (chiusi rispetto alla fusione) oppure possono essere sottoinsiemi arbitrari? Questo sposta il dibattito da un disaccordo metafisico a un problema concreto riguardante la struttura categoriale dello spazio degli stati.
Categorizing the Ground: Categorical Semantics for the Logic of Grounding
RICEAN, GEORGE CONSTANTIN
2025/2026
Abstract
Metaphysical grounding is a relation of non-causal, hyperintensional dependence that is standardly taken to be a strict partial order (irreflexive, asymmetric, transitive). Kit Fine's truthmaker semantics for the Logic of Ground provides an elegant framework for modeling the relation of grounding, but it generates unwanted symmetries: mutual grounding claims between $A$ and $A \wedge A$, and between $A$ and $A \vee A$, that violate the asymmetry and irreflexivity of strict grounding. This thesis diagnoses the root cause as two structural features of the standard state space: the idempotence of the join tensor ($s \sqcup s = s$) and the closure of verification sets under fusion (Amalgamation). Intuitively, the join tensor represents the combination of underlying informational states, or truthmakers. Letting this combination to be idempotent assumes that pooling a piece of information with itself yields nothing new, which philosophically collapses the distinction between a simple fact and its conjunction with itself. Furthermore, closure under fusion assumes that if two separate states ground a fact, their combined aggregate must also ground it. Together, these features ignore the resource-sensitive nature of metaphysical explanation: redundancy matters for distinctions of fundamental reality. To resolve these issues, we replace the join-semilattice with a richer algebraic structure: a bounded residuated lattice with specific axioms, featuring an intensional fusion operator $\circ$ that is not idempotent. This algebraic state space is shown to give rise to a symmetric monoidal closed category. The framework successfully blocks the unwanted symmetries while preserving the core insights of Fine's approach. In the end, framing this categorically shows that the choice between strict and weak grounding comes down to a definitive structural decision: should verification sets be restricted to ideals (closed under fusion), or can they be arbitrary subsets. This shifts the debate from an metaphysical disagreement to a concrete problem about the categorical structure of the state space.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/111896