The thesis investigates the paradox by which contemporary democracy actively contributes to its own crisis, rather than passively suffering it from external factors. Through an interdisciplinary analysis combining political theory, sociology, and political economy, the research shows how democratic institutions and practices themselves have generated the conditions for their own weakening. The first chapter reconstructs the theoretical foundations of democracy, from the Athenian polis to modern constitutionalism, highlighting the constitutive tensions between popular sovereignty and liberal guarantees. The second chapter analyzes internal pathologies, such as the structural contradictions between representation and participation, populism as a symptom of the crisis, and the transformation of the public sphere in the age of digital disinformation. The third chapter focuses on the metamorphosis of social ties, showing the transition from homo collectivus to homo individualis through individualism and the colonization of the public sphere by market logic. The fourth chapter delves into the terrain of the crisis, analyzing the dissolution of the Keynesian compromise, the rise of neoliberalism, and the subsequent growth of inequalities as factors that have eroded the material legitimacy of democracy.
La tesi indaga il paradosso per cui la democrazia contemporanea contribuisce attivamente alla propria crisi, anziché subirla passivamente da fattori esterni. Attraverso un’analisi interdisciplinare che combina teoria politica, sociologia ed economia politica, la ricerca mostra come le stesse istituzioni e pratiche democratiche abbiano generato le condizioni del loro indebolimento. Il primo capitolo ricostruisce i fondamenti teorici della democrazia, dalla polis ateniese al costituzionalismo moderno, evidenziando le tensioni costitutive tra sovranità popolare e garanzie liberali. Il secondo capitolo analizza le patologie interne, come le contraddizioni strutturali tra rappresentanza e partecipazione, il populismo come sintomo della crisi, e la trasformazione della sfera pubblica nell’era della disinformazione digitale. Il terzo capitolo si concentra sulla metamorfosi del legame sociale, mostrando il passaggio dall’homo collectivus all’homo individualis attraverso l’individualismo e la colonizzazione della sfera pubblica da parte della logica di mercato. Il quarto capitolo approfondisce il terreno della crisi, analizzando la dissoluzione del compromesso keynesiano, l’ascesa del neoliberismo e la seguente crescita di disuguaglianze come fattori che hanno eroso la legittimità materiale della democrazia.
La democrazia contro sé stessa: limiti e virtù dei sistemi democratici
MARZOTTO, SEBASTIANO
2025/2026
Abstract
The thesis investigates the paradox by which contemporary democracy actively contributes to its own crisis, rather than passively suffering it from external factors. Through an interdisciplinary analysis combining political theory, sociology, and political economy, the research shows how democratic institutions and practices themselves have generated the conditions for their own weakening. The first chapter reconstructs the theoretical foundations of democracy, from the Athenian polis to modern constitutionalism, highlighting the constitutive tensions between popular sovereignty and liberal guarantees. The second chapter analyzes internal pathologies, such as the structural contradictions between representation and participation, populism as a symptom of the crisis, and the transformation of the public sphere in the age of digital disinformation. The third chapter focuses on the metamorphosis of social ties, showing the transition from homo collectivus to homo individualis through individualism and the colonization of the public sphere by market logic. The fourth chapter delves into the terrain of the crisis, analyzing the dissolution of the Keynesian compromise, the rise of neoliberalism, and the subsequent growth of inequalities as factors that have eroded the material legitimacy of democracy.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/112074