Imagining space exploration that does not rely on mathematical methods for orbital optimization is simply unthinkable. New theories, such as the recent LCS-Theory (developed by G. Haller and others in 2001) have revolutionized the last twenty years of space travel, together with new, more powerful or accessible computing systems and new application algorithms for finding solutions to optimization problems (LAVD, FTLE, neural networks). Where mere technique cannot reach, because there are budget or weight constraints on the launch vehicle, or when one wants to give a new face to a mission already in orbit (as was the case with the THEMIS mission), the application of mathematical optimization methods allows for a radical change in the cards on the table. The study of gravitational manifolds and their evaluation through indicators such as FTLEs, have allowed for the tracing of non-obvious alternatives to the most direct trajectory, which guarantee the natural exploitation of the flow of gravitational potential in space and lead or maintain spacecraft at their destination without high consumption. The HELIOS software, developed and distributed for Windows, is designed to provide an overview of mission design that allows the user control of potential manifolds in Poincaré sections, the tracking of periodic orbits through the correction of an initial state-vector with iterative methods, the evaluation of route efficiency, and the verification of results. In this work, I summarize the results I have obtained and compare them with past and future missions, seeking the connection between celestial mechanics and the consequences for engineering mission constraints.
Immaginare un’esplorazione spaziale che non si basi su metodi matematici per l’ottimizzazione orbitale è semplicemente impensabile. Nuove teorie, come la recente LCS-Theory (sviluppata da G. Haller ed altri nel 2001) hanno rivoluzionato l’ultimo ventennio di viaggi spaziali, insieme a nuovi sistemi di calcolo più potenti, o accessibili e nuovi algoritmi applicativi per trovare le soluzioni dei problemi di ottimo (LAVD, FTLE, reti neurali). Dove la mera tecnica non può arrivare, perché esistono dei vincoli di budget o di peso sul vettore che viene lanciato, oppure quando si vuole dare un nuovo volto ad una missione ormai già orbitante (è stato il caso della missione THEMIS), l’applicazione dei metodi matematici di ottimo permette di cambiare radicalmente le carte in tavola. Lo studio delle varietà gravitazionali e la loro valutazione attraverso indicatori come gli FTLE, hanno permesso di tracciare alternative poco scontate alla traiettoria più diretta, ma che garantiscono di sfruttare in modo naturale il flusso di potenziale gravitazionale nello spazio e condurre o mantenere gli spacecraft a destinazione senza grandi consumi. Il software HELIOS, sviluppato e distribuito per Windows, è pensato per fornire una panoramica del mission-design che consenta all’utente il controllo delle varietà di potenziale nelle sezioni sezioni di Poincaré, il tracciamento di orbite periodiche attraverso la correzione con metodi iterativi di un vettore-stato iniziale, la valutazione dell’efficienza di rotta e la verifica dei risultati. In questo lavoro, riassumo i risultati che ho ottenuto e li confronto con missioni passate e future, cercando il raccordo tra la meccanica celeste e le conseguenze sui vincoli ingegneristici di missione.
HELIOS - LO SVILUPPO DI UN SOFTWARE PER LA MAPPATURA AGLI FTLE DEL CR3BP E LE APPLICAZIONI PRATICHE SUL MISSION DESIGN
CAICCHIOLO, NICOLA
2025/2026
Abstract
Imagining space exploration that does not rely on mathematical methods for orbital optimization is simply unthinkable. New theories, such as the recent LCS-Theory (developed by G. Haller and others in 2001) have revolutionized the last twenty years of space travel, together with new, more powerful or accessible computing systems and new application algorithms for finding solutions to optimization problems (LAVD, FTLE, neural networks). Where mere technique cannot reach, because there are budget or weight constraints on the launch vehicle, or when one wants to give a new face to a mission already in orbit (as was the case with the THEMIS mission), the application of mathematical optimization methods allows for a radical change in the cards on the table. The study of gravitational manifolds and their evaluation through indicators such as FTLEs, have allowed for the tracing of non-obvious alternatives to the most direct trajectory, which guarantee the natural exploitation of the flow of gravitational potential in space and lead or maintain spacecraft at their destination without high consumption. The HELIOS software, developed and distributed for Windows, is designed to provide an overview of mission design that allows the user control of potential manifolds in Poincaré sections, the tracking of periodic orbits through the correction of an initial state-vector with iterative methods, the evaluation of route efficiency, and the verification of results. In this work, I summarize the results I have obtained and compare them with past and future missions, seeking the connection between celestial mechanics and the consequences for engineering mission constraints.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/112273