This paper analyzes the aerodynamics of gliders, unpowered aircraft whose performance relies on maximizing aerodynamic efficiency. Starting with the decomposition of drag forces into induced, form, and skin friction drag, the study investigates boundary layer physics and the influence of the Reynolds number on the transition from laminar to turbulent flow, utilizing the Blasius solution for friction estimation. Subsequently, three-dimensional wing aerodynamics are addressed, highlighting high aspect ratio as the dominant geometric strategy for reducing induced drag. Finally, through a comparison between a traditional airfoil (NACA 4415) and an optimized one (Wortmann FX 63-137), the effectiveness of laminar airfoils is demonstrated. The latter, characterized by the 'Drag Bucket' phenomenon and the use of turbulators to control the laminar separation bubble, allow for the minimization of profile drag, ensuring the high performance required in soaring flight.
L'elaborato analizza l'aerodinamica degli alianti, velivoli privi di propulsione la cui prestazione dipende dalla massimizzazione dell'efficienza aerodinamica. Partendo dalla scomposizione delle forze resistenti in resistenza indotta, di forma e d'attrito , lo studio approfondisce la fisica dello strato limite e l'influenza del numero di Reynolds sulla transizione da moto laminare a turbolento, utilizzando la soluzione di Blasius per la stima dell'attrito. Successivamente, viene trattata l'aerodinamica dell'ala tridimensionale, evidenziando come l'elevato allungamento alare sia la strategia geometrica dominante per abbattere la resistenza indotta. Infine, attraverso il confronto tra un profilo tradizionale (NACA 4415) e uno ottimizzato (Wortmann FX 63-137), si dimostra l'efficacia dei profili laminari. Questi ultimi, caratterizzati dal fenomeno del "Drag Bucket" , insieme all'uso di turbolatori per controllare la bolla di separazione laminare, permettono di minimizzare la resistenza di profilo garantendo le elevate prestazioni richieste dal volo a vela.
Analisi aerodinamica sulla geometria dei profili alari degli alianti
GAIA, LUCA
2025/2026
Abstract
This paper analyzes the aerodynamics of gliders, unpowered aircraft whose performance relies on maximizing aerodynamic efficiency. Starting with the decomposition of drag forces into induced, form, and skin friction drag, the study investigates boundary layer physics and the influence of the Reynolds number on the transition from laminar to turbulent flow, utilizing the Blasius solution for friction estimation. Subsequently, three-dimensional wing aerodynamics are addressed, highlighting high aspect ratio as the dominant geometric strategy for reducing induced drag. Finally, through a comparison between a traditional airfoil (NACA 4415) and an optimized one (Wortmann FX 63-137), the effectiveness of laminar airfoils is demonstrated. The latter, characterized by the 'Drag Bucket' phenomenon and the use of turbulators to control the laminar separation bubble, allow for the minimization of profile drag, ensuring the high performance required in soaring flight.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/112283