The continuous development of air transportation has made propulsive efficiency one of the key aspects in the design of aircraft engines. In this context, understanding the Brayton–Joule thermodynamic cycle and the influence of the main design parameters is essential for the analysis of gas turbine propulsion system performance. This thesis investigates the Brayton–Joule cycle in both its ideal and real formulations, with application to aircraft jet engines. For this purpose, a mathematical model was developed in MATLAB to compare the performance of a turbojet engine (BPR = 0) and a high-bypass-ratio turbofan engine, representative of modern civil aviation applications. The parametric analysis evaluates the effects of the overall pressure ratio (OPR, Overall Pressure Ratio), turbine inlet temperature (TIT, Turbine Inlet Temperature), and bypass ratio (BPR, Bypass Ratio) on specific thrust, thrust specific fuel consumption (TSFC), and thermodynamic, propulsive, and overall efficiencies. The results demonstrate that increasing the BPR leads to a significant reduction in TSFC and an improvement in propulsive efficiency, confirming the superior performance of turbofan engines for civil transport applications. Furthermore, the analysis highlights the design trade-off between efficiency, specific thrust, and engine dimensions, showing how the selection of OPR, TIT, and BPR values critically affects the overall performance of the propulsion system.
Il continuo sviluppo del trasporto aereo ha reso l'efficienza propulsiva uno degli aspetti centrali nella progettazione dei motori aeronautici. In questo contesto, la comprensione del ciclo termodinamico Brayton-Joule e dell'influenza dei principali parametri progettuali risulta fondamentale per l'analisi delle prestazioni dei propulsori a turbina a gas. Il presente elaborato analizza il ciclo Brayton-Joule nelle sue formulazioni ideale e reale, applicato ai motori aeronautici a reazione. A tale scopo è stato sviluppato un modello matematico in MATLAB, utilizzato per confrontare le prestazioni di un motore turbojet (BPR = 0) e di un turbofan ad elevato rapporto di bypass, rappresentativo delle moderne applicazioni civili. L'analisi parametrica considera l'influenza del rapporto di compressione complessivo (OPR, Overall Pressure Ratio), della temperatura di ingresso in turbina (TIT, Turbine Inlet Temperature) e del rapporto di bypass (BPR, Bypass Ratio) sulla spinta specifica, sul consumo specifico di combustibile (TSFC, Thrust Specific Fuel Consumption) e sui rendimenti termodinamico, propulsivo e globale. I risultati evidenziano come l'incremento del BPR consenta di ridurre significativamente il TSFC e di migliorare il rendimento propulsivo, confermando la superiorità del turbofan nelle applicazioni di trasporto civile. L'analisi mette inoltre in evidenza il compromesso progettuale tra efficienza, spinta specifica e dimensioni del motore, mostrando come la scelta dei parametri OPR, TIT e BPR influenzi in modo determinante le prestazioni complessive del propulsore.
Analisi termodinamica e prestazionale del ciclo Brayton-Joule reale per la propulsione aeronautica: confronto tra turbojet e turbofan al variare dei principali parametri di progetto
JAKUPOSKA, SARA
2025/2026
Abstract
The continuous development of air transportation has made propulsive efficiency one of the key aspects in the design of aircraft engines. In this context, understanding the Brayton–Joule thermodynamic cycle and the influence of the main design parameters is essential for the analysis of gas turbine propulsion system performance. This thesis investigates the Brayton–Joule cycle in both its ideal and real formulations, with application to aircraft jet engines. For this purpose, a mathematical model was developed in MATLAB to compare the performance of a turbojet engine (BPR = 0) and a high-bypass-ratio turbofan engine, representative of modern civil aviation applications. The parametric analysis evaluates the effects of the overall pressure ratio (OPR, Overall Pressure Ratio), turbine inlet temperature (TIT, Turbine Inlet Temperature), and bypass ratio (BPR, Bypass Ratio) on specific thrust, thrust specific fuel consumption (TSFC), and thermodynamic, propulsive, and overall efficiencies. The results demonstrate that increasing the BPR leads to a significant reduction in TSFC and an improvement in propulsive efficiency, confirming the superior performance of turbofan engines for civil transport applications. Furthermore, the analysis highlights the design trade-off between efficiency, specific thrust, and engine dimensions, showing how the selection of OPR, TIT, and BPR values critically affects the overall performance of the propulsion system.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/112286