The evolution of digital communication and the spread of social media have profoundly changed the ways in which advertising messages are disseminated and perceived by consumers. In this context, influencer marketing has established itself as one of the main contemporary promotional strategies, raising significant legal issues regarding transparency, fair commercial communication, and consumer protection. The paper analyses the phenomenon in light of the regulation of unfair commercial practices, focusing on the European and national regulatory framework established by Directive 2005/29/EC and the Consumer Code. Particular attention is devoted to the issue of misleading advertising in online communication, highlighting how, in the digital environment, deception frequently manifests itself through forms of hidden advertising, in which the promotional purpose of the content is not immediately recognizable. Consequently, it emerges how consumer protection is increasingly based on the need to make the commercial nature of digital communication clearly perceptible. Furthermore, supervisory authority interventions and advertising self-regulation systems confirm the growing focus on communicative practices that exploit the fiduciary relationship established with the public, which can significantly impact the consumer's freedom of economic choice. Finally, the phenomenon of virtual influencers and the use of artificial intelligence in commercial communication highlight the new challenges posed by digital communication, requiring constant adaptation of protection tools to increasingly sophisticated persuasive techniques integrated into users' online experiences.
L’evoluzione della comunicazione digitale e la diffusione dei social media hanno profondamente modificato le modalità attraverso cui i messaggi pubblicitari vengono diffusi e percepiti dai consumatori. In questo contesto, l’influencer marketing si è affermato come una delle principali strategie promozionali contemporanee, ponendo rilevanti questioni giuridiche in materia di trasparenza, correttezza della comunicazione commerciale e tutela del consumatore. Il lavoro analizza il fenomeno alla luce della disciplina delle pratiche commerciali scorrette, soffermandosi sul quadro normativo europeo e nazionale delineato dalla Direttiva 2005/29/CE e dal Codice del Consumo. Particolare attenzione è dedicata al tema della pubblicità ingannevole nella comunicazione online, evidenziando come, nell’ambiente digitale, l’inganno si manifesti frequentemente attraverso forme di pubblicità occulta, nelle quali la finalità promozionale del contenuto non risulta immediatamente riconoscibile. Emerge così come la tutela del consumatore si fondi sempre più sulla necessità di rendere chiaramente percepibile la natura commerciale della comunicazione digitale. Gli interventi delle autorità di vigilanza e i sistemi di autodisciplina pubblicitaria confermano inoltre la crescente attenzione verso pratiche comunicative che sfruttano il rapporto fiduciario instaurato con il pubblico e che possono incidere in modo significativo sulla libertà di scelta economica del consumatore. Infine, il fenomeno dei virtual influencer e l’utilizzo dell’intelligenza artificiale nella comunicazione commerciale evidenziano le nuove sfide poste dalla comunicazione digitale, imponendo un costante adattamento degli strumenti di tutela rispetto a tecniche persuasive sempre più sofisticate e integrate nell’esperienza online degli utenti.
Pratiche commerciali scorrette e influencer marketing
BORTOLATO, VITTORIA
2025/2026
Abstract
The evolution of digital communication and the spread of social media have profoundly changed the ways in which advertising messages are disseminated and perceived by consumers. In this context, influencer marketing has established itself as one of the main contemporary promotional strategies, raising significant legal issues regarding transparency, fair commercial communication, and consumer protection. The paper analyses the phenomenon in light of the regulation of unfair commercial practices, focusing on the European and national regulatory framework established by Directive 2005/29/EC and the Consumer Code. Particular attention is devoted to the issue of misleading advertising in online communication, highlighting how, in the digital environment, deception frequently manifests itself through forms of hidden advertising, in which the promotional purpose of the content is not immediately recognizable. Consequently, it emerges how consumer protection is increasingly based on the need to make the commercial nature of digital communication clearly perceptible. Furthermore, supervisory authority interventions and advertising self-regulation systems confirm the growing focus on communicative practices that exploit the fiduciary relationship established with the public, which can significantly impact the consumer's freedom of economic choice. Finally, the phenomenon of virtual influencers and the use of artificial intelligence in commercial communication highlight the new challenges posed by digital communication, requiring constant adaptation of protection tools to increasingly sophisticated persuasive techniques integrated into users' online experiences.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/112394