Although Nietzsche’s influence on twentieth-century philosophy has already been thoroughly documented and studied—given that the most important philosophers have devoted themselves, more or less explicitly, to the study of his philosophy —I nevertheless wanted to explore the consequences of a particular interpretation of his thought, to show how it has prevailed over others in a certain way within the debate on the relationship between art and science, with implications for a specific issue: the role of the contemporary intellectual and the division into specializations. For this reason, I first deemed it necessary to conduct a broad and detailed analysis of Nietzsche’s intellectual biography in order to clarify this particular perspective, through a reconstruction of the position the philosopher took regarding the problem of knowledge. Given the importance Nietzsche himself attached to developing a new psychophysiological perspective from which to view the relationship between art and science, the first part consists of a brief overview of Nietzsche’s intellectual biography, with the body serving as the central thread of my analysis. Starting from the conclusions drawn regarding the significance of reevaluating the bodily-instinctual dimension as the central thread running through the core arguments of "The Gay Science", and following that line of thought, I then demonstrated extensively and in detail the important theoretical consequences that “The Gay Science,” the new perspective on knowledge developed by Nietzsche beginning with the work that bears its name, has on the redefinition of the nature of art, science, and their relationship. In the second part, having acknowledged the importance accorded in the current debate to the revaluation of central works, I argued that the pars construens of Nietzschean thought finds its first and most important formulation in the original conception of knowledge as “The Gay Science”—that is, a form of knowledge capable, thanks to a fruitful parallelism between faculties long considered the exclusive domain of intellectual representation and their organic counterparts, of opening itself to collaboration between the scientific spirit and the artistic spirit in an anti-metaphysical function. In the third part, starting from the recognition that criticism of culture is central to Nietzsche’s thought, I have shown how, for Nietzsche, the renewal of culture can only come about through two integrated tendencies, outlined as early as his youthful writings. This, combined with a historiographical contextualization of his thought and its German specificity, has brought to light that acute sensibility that allowed Nietzsche to be both a “man of his time” and a timeless philosophical figure capable of embodying the main developments in aesthetics and the relationship between different fields of knowledge. Through another crucial thread running through Nietzsche’s critique of culture—the Übermensch as a cultural figure, that is, as one capable of giving meaning to an aesthetic reason— the final paragraph serves as a brief excursus into the paths opened up by Nietzschean philosophy for the contemporary intellectual, particularly through the hermeneutic turn and the philosophical currents that, thanks to Nietzsche, can be brought into dialogue with it within the epistemological rehabilitation of art beginning in the early decades of the 20th century.
Nonostante l’influenza che Nietzsche ha avuto sulla filosofia novecentesca sia già esaustivamente documentata e studiata– dato che i più importanti filosofi si sono dedicati più o meno esplicitamente allo studio della sua filosofia - ho voluto comunque sondare le conseguenze di una particolare interpretazione del suo pensiero, per mostrare come si sia affermata più di altre e in una certa forma nel dibattito sul rapporto tra arte e scienza e con conseguenze su un tema specifico – il ruolo dell’intellettuale contemporaneo e la divisione in specialismi. Per questo ho ritenuto dapprima necessario un'ampia e dettagliata analisi della biografia intellettuale di Nietzsche per giungere all’esplicitazione di tale particolare prospettiva, attraverso una ricostruzione della posizione che il filosofo ha assunto in relazione al problema della conoscenza. Data la rilevanza concessa dallo stesso Nietzsche all’elaborazione di una nuova prospettiva psico-fisiologica da cui guardare al rapporto tra arte e scienza, la prima parte consiste in un breve excursus attraverso la biografia intellettuale nietzschiana ponendo il corpo come filo conduttore del mio itinerario. A partire dalle conclusioni tratte sulla rilevanza della rivalutazione della dimensione corporeo-pulsionale come filo conduttore delle argomentazioni centrali de La gaia scienza e seguendone la traccia, ho poi mostrato ampiamente e dettagliatamente quali importanti conseguenze teoretiche la «gaia scienza», la nuova prospettiva sulla conoscenza elaborata da Nietzsche a partire dall’opera che ne prende il nome, hanno sulla ridefinizione della natura dell’arte, della scienza e della loro relazione. Nella seconda parte, riconosciuta l’importanza che nel dibattito attuale è concessa alla rivalutazione delle opere centrali, ho sostenuto che la pars construens del pensiero nietzschiano trovi la sua prima e più importante formulazione nell’originale elaborazione di una conoscenza come gaia scienza, ovvero di una conoscenza in grado, grazie ad un fruttuoso parallelismo tra facoltà da sempre ritenute d’esclusiva pertinenza della rappresentazione intellettuale e il loro corrispettivo organico, di aprirsi alla collaborazione tra spirito scientifico e spirito artistico in funzione antimetafisica. Nella terza parte, a partire dalla consapevolezza della centralità nel pensiero nietzschiano della critica alla cultura, ho mostrato come per Nietzsche il rinnovamento della cultura non possa che attuarsi a partire da due tendenze integrate, delineate fin dagli scritti giovanili. Ciò, unito a un contestualizzazione storiografica del suo pensiero e della sua specificità tedesca ha fatto emergere quell’acuta sensibilità che ha permesso a Nietzsche d’essere tanto «uomo del suo tempo», quanto figura filosofica inattuale in grado di riassumere in sé i principali sviluppi dell’estetica e del rapporto tra saperi. Attraverso un altro cruciale filo conduttore della critica nietzschiana alla cultura, l’oltreuomo come figura culturale, ovvero come colui che è capace di dare senso ad una ragione estetica, ’ultimo paragrafo si pone come breve excursus negli itinerari apertisi grazie alla filosofia nietzschiana di fronte all’intellettuale contemporaneo, in particolare attraverso la svolta ermeneutica e le correnti filosofiche che proprio grazie a Nietzsche posso essere poste in dialogo con quest’ultima in seno alla riabilitazione gnoseologica dell’arte a partire dai primi decenni del Novecento.
Corporeità e «gaia scienza». L’Erkennender in Nietzsche tra estetica ed ermeneutica
PARO, ROSA
2025/2026
Abstract
Although Nietzsche’s influence on twentieth-century philosophy has already been thoroughly documented and studied—given that the most important philosophers have devoted themselves, more or less explicitly, to the study of his philosophy —I nevertheless wanted to explore the consequences of a particular interpretation of his thought, to show how it has prevailed over others in a certain way within the debate on the relationship between art and science, with implications for a specific issue: the role of the contemporary intellectual and the division into specializations. For this reason, I first deemed it necessary to conduct a broad and detailed analysis of Nietzsche’s intellectual biography in order to clarify this particular perspective, through a reconstruction of the position the philosopher took regarding the problem of knowledge. Given the importance Nietzsche himself attached to developing a new psychophysiological perspective from which to view the relationship between art and science, the first part consists of a brief overview of Nietzsche’s intellectual biography, with the body serving as the central thread of my analysis. Starting from the conclusions drawn regarding the significance of reevaluating the bodily-instinctual dimension as the central thread running through the core arguments of "The Gay Science", and following that line of thought, I then demonstrated extensively and in detail the important theoretical consequences that “The Gay Science,” the new perspective on knowledge developed by Nietzsche beginning with the work that bears its name, has on the redefinition of the nature of art, science, and their relationship. In the second part, having acknowledged the importance accorded in the current debate to the revaluation of central works, I argued that the pars construens of Nietzschean thought finds its first and most important formulation in the original conception of knowledge as “The Gay Science”—that is, a form of knowledge capable, thanks to a fruitful parallelism between faculties long considered the exclusive domain of intellectual representation and their organic counterparts, of opening itself to collaboration between the scientific spirit and the artistic spirit in an anti-metaphysical function. In the third part, starting from the recognition that criticism of culture is central to Nietzsche’s thought, I have shown how, for Nietzsche, the renewal of culture can only come about through two integrated tendencies, outlined as early as his youthful writings. This, combined with a historiographical contextualization of his thought and its German specificity, has brought to light that acute sensibility that allowed Nietzsche to be both a “man of his time” and a timeless philosophical figure capable of embodying the main developments in aesthetics and the relationship between different fields of knowledge. Through another crucial thread running through Nietzsche’s critique of culture—the Übermensch as a cultural figure, that is, as one capable of giving meaning to an aesthetic reason— the final paragraph serves as a brief excursus into the paths opened up by Nietzschean philosophy for the contemporary intellectual, particularly through the hermeneutic turn and the philosophical currents that, thanks to Nietzsche, can be brought into dialogue with it within the epistemological rehabilitation of art beginning in the early decades of the 20th century.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/113235