This thesis examines the evolution of the nuclear confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union, from the dawn of the atomic age to the post-Cold War legacy of deterrence. Beginning with the use of atomic weapons at the end of the Second World War, the study analyses the role of scientific espionage, with particular reference to the Fuchs case, in accelerating the Soviet nuclear program and ending the U.S. nuclear monopoly with the RDS-1 test. Subsequently, it traces the main stages of the arms race, from the proliferation of thermonuclear weapons and the development of new delivery systems, to the Cuban Missile Crisis, which marked the peak of Cold War tensions between the two superpowers. The thesis further examines the main efforts to limit nuclear armaments through bilateral and multilateral treaties (PTBT, NPT, SALT, and ABM), relating these initiatives to the evolution of deterrence strategies, particularly the doctrine of Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) and the Soviet Perimetr system. Finally, the legacy of the Cold War is explored, focusing on the Nunn-Lugar Program, the gradual erosion of the arms control framework, and the new challenges posed by hypersonic delivery systems and tactical nuclear weapons. This work highlights how nuclear deterrence remains a central element of international strategic stability.
La tesi analizza l’evoluzione del confronto nucleare tra Stati Uniti e Unione Sovietica, dagli inizi dell’era atomica fino alle attuali dinamiche della deterrenza. Partendo dall’impiego dell’arma atomica per porre fine al secondo conflitto mondiale, il lavoro esamina il ruolo dello spionaggio scientifico, con particolare riferimento al caso Fuchs, nel rapido sviluppo del programma nucleare sovietico e nella fine del monopolio nucleare statunitense con il test RDS-1. Successivamente, vengono analizzate le principali tappe della corsa agli armamenti, dalla diffusione delle armi termonucleari allo sviluppo di nuovi vettori, fino alla crisi dei missili di Cuba, che rappresentò il momento di massima tensione tra le due superpotenze. La tesi esamina inoltre i principali tentativi di limitazione degli armamenti attraverso i trattati bilaterali (PTBT, TNP, SALT e ABM), mettendoli in relazione con l’evoluzione delle strategie di deterrenza, in particolare con la dottrina della distruzione mutua assicurata (MAD) e con il sistema sovietico Perimetr. Infine, viene analizzata l’eredità della Guerra fredda, con particolare attenzione al programma Nunn-Lugar, al progressivo indebolimento del sistema di controllo degli armamenti e alle nuove sfide poste dallo sviluppo di vettori ipersonici e di armi nucleari tattiche. Il lavoro evidenzia come la deterrenza nucleare continui a rappresentare un elemento centrale degli equilibri strategici internazionali.
La nascita dell’era atomica e la corsa agli armamenti: confronto nucleare tra Stati Uniti e Unione Sovietica
SACCANI, FILIPPO
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis examines the evolution of the nuclear confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union, from the dawn of the atomic age to the post-Cold War legacy of deterrence. Beginning with the use of atomic weapons at the end of the Second World War, the study analyses the role of scientific espionage, with particular reference to the Fuchs case, in accelerating the Soviet nuclear program and ending the U.S. nuclear monopoly with the RDS-1 test. Subsequently, it traces the main stages of the arms race, from the proliferation of thermonuclear weapons and the development of new delivery systems, to the Cuban Missile Crisis, which marked the peak of Cold War tensions between the two superpowers. The thesis further examines the main efforts to limit nuclear armaments through bilateral and multilateral treaties (PTBT, NPT, SALT, and ABM), relating these initiatives to the evolution of deterrence strategies, particularly the doctrine of Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) and the Soviet Perimetr system. Finally, the legacy of the Cold War is explored, focusing on the Nunn-Lugar Program, the gradual erosion of the arms control framework, and the new challenges posed by hypersonic delivery systems and tactical nuclear weapons. This work highlights how nuclear deterrence remains a central element of international strategic stability.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Tesi SACCANI FILIPPO completa (PDFA).pdf
accesso aperto
Dimensione
439.48 kB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
439.48 kB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/113379