This thesis analyzes the role of neoliberal policies within the dynamics of economic inequality in the United States during the 1980s and 1990s, reconstructing their genesis, evolution, and primary repercussions on income distribution and wealth accumulation. The relationship between the neoliberal paradigm and economic disparities is examined here through a historical-critical perspective, aimed at outlining its theoretical foundations and empirical outcomes within the late-twentieth-century US political landscape. The research begins with an in-depth historiographical and conceptual review of inequality, comparing nineteenth-century classical perspectives, quantitative analyses, and, finally, the contemporary debate on the relationship between politics and inequality, centered primarily on the works of Thomas Piketty and Branko Milanovic. This methodological foundation serves as an interpretive lens to examine the historical transition of the US economic framework and the ideological genesis of the neoliberal paradigm in the thought of Friedrich Hayek and Milton Friedman. Particular emphasis is placed on the institutional implementation of this doctrine by the Reagan, Bush, and Clinton administrations. Through the examination of historical sources, economic data, and statistical metrics, the study investigates the empirical evidence of inequality in relation to the policy measures of the two decades under consideration. Specifically, it assesses the effects on income and wealth gaps, providing a detailed overview of the structural transformations within the labor market and socio-economic relations. In conclusion, the dissertation provides a comprehensive view of the causal relationship between political choices and economic inequalities, highlighting how the reforms enacted during this twenty-year period reduced middle-and lower-tier incomes to the benefit of top wealth brackets, thereby confirming the systemic nature of this dualism within the analyzed context.
Il presente elaborato analizza il ruolo delle politiche neoliberiste all’interno delle dinamiche di disuguaglianza economica nel contesto statunitense compreso tra gli anni Ottanta e Novanta del Novecento, ricostruendone la genesi, l’evoluzione e le principali ripercussioni sulla distribuzione del reddito e sull’accumulazione della ricchezza. Il legame tra il paradigma neoliberista e le disparità economiche viene qui esposto in una prospettiva di carattere storico-critico, volta a delinearne i fondamenti teorici e gli esiti empirici nel panorama politico degli USA di fine millennio. La ricerca si articola a partire da un’approfondita ricognizione storiografica e concettuale della disuguaglianza, mettendo a confronto le prospettive classiche ottocentesche, le analisi quantitative e, infine, il dibattito contemporaneo sul rapporto tra politica e disuguaglianza, incentrato prevalentemente sugli studi di Thomas Piketty e Branko Milanovic. Tale base metodologica funge da lente interpretativa per esaminare la transizione storica dell’assetto economico statunitense e la genesi ideologica del paradigma neoliberista nel pensiero di Friedrich Hayek e Milton Friedman. Particolare rilievo viene attribuito alla traduzione istituzionale di tale dottrina da parte delle amministrazioni Reagan, Bush e Clinton. Attraverso l’esame di fonti storiche, dati economici e misurazioni statistiche, lo studio indaga le evidenze empiriche della disuguaglianza in relazione alle manovre politiche del ventennio considerato. Nello specifico, si valutano gli effetti sui divari reddituali e patrimoniali, offrendo un quadro dettagliato delle trasformazioni strutturali del mercato del lavoro e dei rapporti socio-economici. In conclusione, il lavoro propone una visione complessiva del rapporto causale tra scelte politiche e disuguaglianze economiche, mettendo in luce come le riforme varate in questo ventennio abbiano contratto i redditi medio-bassi a favore dei vertici patrimoniali, a conferma del carattere sistemico di tale dualismo all’interno del contesto analizzato.
Politiche neoliberiste e disuguaglianze economiche: effetti sulla distribuzione del reddito e sull’accumulazione della ricchezza negli Stati Uniti tra gli anni Ottanta e Novanta
TROIAN, LUCA
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis analyzes the role of neoliberal policies within the dynamics of economic inequality in the United States during the 1980s and 1990s, reconstructing their genesis, evolution, and primary repercussions on income distribution and wealth accumulation. The relationship between the neoliberal paradigm and economic disparities is examined here through a historical-critical perspective, aimed at outlining its theoretical foundations and empirical outcomes within the late-twentieth-century US political landscape. The research begins with an in-depth historiographical and conceptual review of inequality, comparing nineteenth-century classical perspectives, quantitative analyses, and, finally, the contemporary debate on the relationship between politics and inequality, centered primarily on the works of Thomas Piketty and Branko Milanovic. This methodological foundation serves as an interpretive lens to examine the historical transition of the US economic framework and the ideological genesis of the neoliberal paradigm in the thought of Friedrich Hayek and Milton Friedman. Particular emphasis is placed on the institutional implementation of this doctrine by the Reagan, Bush, and Clinton administrations. Through the examination of historical sources, economic data, and statistical metrics, the study investigates the empirical evidence of inequality in relation to the policy measures of the two decades under consideration. Specifically, it assesses the effects on income and wealth gaps, providing a detailed overview of the structural transformations within the labor market and socio-economic relations. In conclusion, the dissertation provides a comprehensive view of the causal relationship between political choices and economic inequalities, highlighting how the reforms enacted during this twenty-year period reduced middle-and lower-tier incomes to the benefit of top wealth brackets, thereby confirming the systemic nature of this dualism within the analyzed context.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/113381