The cult of Saint Justina is a central topic in the study of religious life in the Veneto region between the fourth and eleventh centuries, particularly in relation to the origins of Christianity in Padua. According to hagiographical tradition, the saint was martyred on 7 October 304 for refusing to renounce her Christian faith. Her body was allegedly buried in the suburban area of ancient Patavium, where a place of worship was established in the fourth century and later expanded into an important ecclesiastical complex. However, this tradition presents several critical issues. The earliest evidence for the saint dates to the sixth century, in an inscription from the Chapel of Saint Prosdocimus commemorating the foundation of an ecclesia vel oratorium by Rufius Venantius Opilio, Praetorian Prefect under Theodoric. The first literary reference appears in the works of Venantius Fortunatus, while the Passio of Saint Justina was most likely composed during the ninth century. This research investigates the presence of churches dedicated to Saint Justina in the Early Middle Ages across northern Italy and analyses the settlement contexts in which they were founded, assessing their possible connection with fortified sites associated with Gothic presence and, consequently, with Arian religious circles. This hypothesis is based on the foundation of the chapel by a close associate of Theodoric and on the distribution of churches dedicated to the saint near sixth-century fortifications in the Paduan area and other regions of northern Italy. The study combines a review of the relevant scholarship on the origin and spread of the cult, the compilation of a catalogue of churches dedicated to Saint Justina in northern Italy, their cartographic georeferencing, and field surveys at selected sites. The results identify a distribution centred on Padua, extending into western Veneto, the Lake Garda area, and Trentino, corresponding to territories historically frequented by Gothic populations, thus suggesting a possible link between the spread of the cult and Arian contexts.
Il culto di Santa Giustina rappresenta un tema centrale negli studi sulla religiosità del Veneto tra IV e XI secolo, in relazione alle origini del cristianesimo a Padova. Secondo la tradizione agiografica, la santa sarebbe stata martirizzata il 7 ottobre 304 per il rifiuto di abiurare la fede cristiana; il suo corpo sarebbe stato sepolto nel suburbio di Patavium, dove nel IV secolo sarebbe sorto un edificio di culto poi ampliato in un importante complesso ecclesiastico. Tuttavia, la tradizione presenta alcune criticità: la prima attestazione della santa risale al VI secolo, in un’epigrafe del sacello di San Prosdocimo che ricorda la fondazione di una ecclesia vel oratorium da parte di Rufius Venantius Opilio, prefetto del pretorio sotto Teodorico. La prima menzione letteraria compare nei versi di Venanzio Fortunato, mentre la Passio di Giustina è databile probabilmente al IX secolo. La ricerca si propone di verificare la presenza di chiese dedicate a Santa Giustina nei contesti altomedievali dell’Italia settentrionale e di analizzare il quadro insediativo in cui sorsero, valutando una possibile connessione con strutture fortificate riconducibili alla presenza gota e, quindi, ad ambienti di confessione ariana. Tale ipotesi nasce dalla fondazione del sacello da parte di un collaboratore di Teodorico e dalla diffusione del culto presso fortificazioni del VI secolo nel territorio padovano e in altre aree dell’Italia settentrionale. L’indagine si è basata sull’analisi della bibliografia relativa all’origine e alla diffusione del culto, sulla realizzazione di un catalogo delle chiese dedicate alla santa nell’Italia settentrionale, sulla loro georeferenziazione cartografica e su sopralluoghi in siti selezionati. I risultati delineano un’area di diffusione con fulcro a Padova e ramificazioni nel Veneto occidentale, nell’area del Lago di Garda e in Trentino, in territori storicamente frequentati da popolazioni gote, suggerendo una possibile connessione tra l’espansione del culto e contesti di matrice ariana.
"Gli Ostrogoti e il culto di Santa Giustina a Padova e nel territorio dell'Italia nordorientale: analisi archeologica"
MUSSO, MARGHERITA
2025/2026
Abstract
The cult of Saint Justina is a central topic in the study of religious life in the Veneto region between the fourth and eleventh centuries, particularly in relation to the origins of Christianity in Padua. According to hagiographical tradition, the saint was martyred on 7 October 304 for refusing to renounce her Christian faith. Her body was allegedly buried in the suburban area of ancient Patavium, where a place of worship was established in the fourth century and later expanded into an important ecclesiastical complex. However, this tradition presents several critical issues. The earliest evidence for the saint dates to the sixth century, in an inscription from the Chapel of Saint Prosdocimus commemorating the foundation of an ecclesia vel oratorium by Rufius Venantius Opilio, Praetorian Prefect under Theodoric. The first literary reference appears in the works of Venantius Fortunatus, while the Passio of Saint Justina was most likely composed during the ninth century. This research investigates the presence of churches dedicated to Saint Justina in the Early Middle Ages across northern Italy and analyses the settlement contexts in which they were founded, assessing their possible connection with fortified sites associated with Gothic presence and, consequently, with Arian religious circles. This hypothesis is based on the foundation of the chapel by a close associate of Theodoric and on the distribution of churches dedicated to the saint near sixth-century fortifications in the Paduan area and other regions of northern Italy. The study combines a review of the relevant scholarship on the origin and spread of the cult, the compilation of a catalogue of churches dedicated to Saint Justina in northern Italy, their cartographic georeferencing, and field surveys at selected sites. The results identify a distribution centred on Padua, extending into western Veneto, the Lake Garda area, and Trentino, corresponding to territories historically frequented by Gothic populations, thus suggesting a possible link between the spread of the cult and Arian contexts.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/113415