This thesis investigates the social perception and stigmatization processes towards content creators in online sex work. Since the literature on sex work has primarily focused on the female gender and street-based contexts, the objective of this research is to bridge this gap by investigating whether the devaluation mechanisms (stigma, dehumanization, and victim blaming) widely documented for women also extend to men in the digital context. Specifically, two hypotheses are formulated: first, it is hypothesized that in online sex work, male targets undergo a greater dehumanization process compared to female targets; second, it is hypothesized that this devaluation of the individual facilitates greater victim blaming following sexual harassment. The study was conducted through an online questionnaire administered to a sample of 425 participants, using a four-condition between-subjects experimental design: woman on Instagram, man on Instagram, woman on OnlyFans, and man on OnlyFans. The results support the first hypothesis: in the context of online sex work, the male target undergoes significantly greater dehumanization compared to the female target. Regarding victim blaming, the data illustrate that in the event of sexual harassment, there are no significant differences between men and women, as both genders endure equally high levels of blame. Finally, the analyses confirm the strong relationship between the explored variables: a lower attribution of humanness is significantly associated with greater victim blaming. In conclusion, the research highlights how the entry of men into online sex work exposes the individual to severe processes of social devaluation, demonstrating that the denial of humanness plays a central role in facilitating the blaming of the victim, regardless of gender.
La presente tesi indaga la percezione sociale e i processi di stigmatizzazione nei confronti dei content creator nel sex work online. Visto che la letteratura sul sex work si è principalmente focalizzata sul genere femminile e sull’ambito di strada, l’obiettivo della ricerca è colmare questa lacuna, indagando se i meccanismi di svalutazione (stigma, deumanizzazione e victim blaming) largamente documentati per il genere femminile si estendano anche al genere maschile nel contesto digitale. Nello specifico vengono formulate due ipotesi: prima di tutto, si ipotizza che nel sex work online i target maschili subiscano un processo di deumanizzazione maggiore rispetto ai target femminili; in secondo luogo, si ipotizza che tale svalutazione dell’individuo faciliti un maggiore victim blaming a seguito di una molestia sessuale. Lo studio è stato condotto attraverso un questionario online su un campione di 425 partecipanti, utilizzando un disegno sperimentale between-subjects a quattro condizioni: donna su Instagram, uomo su Instagram, donna su OnlyFans e uomo su OnlyFans. I risultati avvalorano la prima ipotesi: il target maschile nell’ambito del sex work online, subisce una deumanizzazione significativamente maggiore rispetto al target femminile. Relativamente al victim blaming, i dati illustrano che in caso di molestia sessuale subita, non sono presenti differenze significative tra uomini e donne, in quanto entrambi i generi subiscono livelli equamente elevati di colpevolizzazione. Infine, le analisi confermano la forte relazione tra le variabili esplorate: la minore attribuzione di umanità si associa in modo significativo ad un maggiore victim blaming. Per finire, la ricerca sottolinea come l’ingresso maschile nel sex work online esponga l’individuo a severi processi di svalutazione sociale, attestando che la negazione dell’umanità gioca un ruolo centrale nel favorire la colpevolizzazione della vittima, a prescindere dal genere.
Stigma sociale e sex work: l'effetto del genere sulla deumanizzazione e sull'attribuzione di victim blaming
SPADACCINI, FRANCESCA
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis investigates the social perception and stigmatization processes towards content creators in online sex work. Since the literature on sex work has primarily focused on the female gender and street-based contexts, the objective of this research is to bridge this gap by investigating whether the devaluation mechanisms (stigma, dehumanization, and victim blaming) widely documented for women also extend to men in the digital context. Specifically, two hypotheses are formulated: first, it is hypothesized that in online sex work, male targets undergo a greater dehumanization process compared to female targets; second, it is hypothesized that this devaluation of the individual facilitates greater victim blaming following sexual harassment. The study was conducted through an online questionnaire administered to a sample of 425 participants, using a four-condition between-subjects experimental design: woman on Instagram, man on Instagram, woman on OnlyFans, and man on OnlyFans. The results support the first hypothesis: in the context of online sex work, the male target undergoes significantly greater dehumanization compared to the female target. Regarding victim blaming, the data illustrate that in the event of sexual harassment, there are no significant differences between men and women, as both genders endure equally high levels of blame. Finally, the analyses confirm the strong relationship between the explored variables: a lower attribution of humanness is significantly associated with greater victim blaming. In conclusion, the research highlights how the entry of men into online sex work exposes the individual to severe processes of social devaluation, demonstrating that the denial of humanness plays a central role in facilitating the blaming of the victim, regardless of gender.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/113932