Introduction Edentulism leads to progressive resorption of the alveolar processes, compromising subsequent implant-prosthetic rehabilitation. Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR), through the use of meshes, is a well-established technique for restoring bone volume. Titanium meshes represent the current gold standard, although they require a second surgical procedure for removal; resorbable meshes, such as those made of PCL and PDO, have been proposed as alternatives, but their efficacy in vertical bone augmentation remains poorly validated in vivo. Aim of the Study To evaluate, in a rat calvarial model, the feasibility and regenerative efficacy of custom-made PCL and PDO domes, comparing their behavior with that of titanium domes. Materials and Methods Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were used and randomized into three groups (titanium, PCL, PDO). Domes of identical geometry were fixed onto the calvaria following bone site preparation and filled with a mixed graft of autologous and heterologous bone (Bio-Oss®, 50:50 ratio). At 8 weeks post-surgery, specimens were analyzed by micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) and histology (ground sections). Results No deaths occurred in any of the three groups during the 8-week observation period. In the titanium and PCL groups, maintenance of the regenerative space was observed, with new bone formation originating exclusively from pre-existing bone. Titanium domes showed greater bone extension (up to two-thirds of the volume) compared to PCL domes (approximately one-third), with direct bone-to-biomaterial contact observed only in the PCL group. Diffuse vascularization and an absent-to-mild inflammatory response were detected in both groups, with no severe foreign body reactions, and Micro-CT analysis confirmed the histological findings through density analysis of the tissue components present. Histological and radiographic results for the PDO group are still being processed. Available clinical data demonstrate good tissue-level integration of the material, with no complications observed in any case. Conclusions This study demonstrated that PCL domes are able to maintain the regenerative space and support new bone formation without structural collapse, suggesting a regenerative potential comparable to titanium, with the potential advantage of avoiding a second removal surgery. The PDO material, although not yet fully investigated, appears clinically comparable to PCL. The limited sample size, the single 8-week endpoint, and the translational limitations of the calvarial model warrant caution in interpreting the data, which remain preliminary; further studies with larger cohorts and extended time-point endpoints are needed before hypothesizing clinical translation.
Introduzione L'edentulia determina un progressivo riassorbimento dei processi alveolari, compromettendo la successiva riabilitazione implanto-protesica. La Rigenerazione Ossea Guidata (GBR), mediante l'impiego di mesh, è una tecnica consolidata per il ripristino dei volumi ossei. Le meshes in titanio costituiscono l'attuale gold standard, sebbene richiedano una seconda chirurgia di rimozione; le meshes in materiali riassorbibili, come PCL e PDO, sono state proposte come alternative, ma la loro efficacia negli aumenti ossei verticali risulta ancora scarsamente validata in vivo. Scopo dello studio Valutare, su modello di calvaria di ratto, la fattibilità e l'efficacia rigenerativa di cupole custom-made in PCL e PDO, confrontandone il comportamento con quello di cupole in titanio. Materiali e metodi Sono stati impiegati 30 ratti Sprague-Dawley, randomizzati in tre gruppi (titanio, PCL, PDO). Le cupole, di geometria identica, sono state fissate sulla calvaria previa preparazione del sito osseo e riempite con un innesto misto di osso autologo ed eterologo (Bio-Oss®, rapporto 50:50). A 8 settimane dall'intervento, i campioni sono stati analizzati mediante microtomografia (Micro-CT) e istologia (sezioni per usura). Risultati Non si sono verificati decessi nei tre gruppi durante le 8 settimane di osservazione. Nei gruppi titanio e PCL è stato osservato il mantenimento dello spazio rigenerativo, con neoformazione ossea originata esclusivamente dall'osso preesistente. Le cupole in titanio hanno mostrato un'estensione ossea maggiore (fino a due terzi del volume) rispetto a quelle in PCL (circa un terzo), con diretto contatto osso-biomateriale solo nel gruppo PCL. In entrambi i gruppi è stata rilevata vascolarizzazione diffusa e una risposta infiammatoria assente o lieve, senza reazioni da corpo estraneo severe e l'analisi Micro-CT ha confermato le osservazioni istologiche tramite l’analisi della densità delle componenti tissutali presenti. I risultati istologici e radiografici del gruppo PDO sono ancora in fase di elaborazione. I dati clinici disponibili dimostrano una buona integrazione del materiale a livello dei tessuti, in assenza di complicanze in tutti i casi. Conclusioni Lo studio ha dimostrato che le cupole in PCL sono in grado di mantenere lo spazio rigenerativo e supportare la neoformazione ossea senza collasso strutturale, suggerendo un potenziale paragonabile al titanio con il potenziale vantaggio di evitare un secondo intervento di rimozione. Il materiale PDO, seppur non indagato in modo completo, appare clinicamente sovrapponibile al PCL. La numerosità campionaria limitata, l'unico endpoint a 8 settimane e i limiti traslazionali del modello su calvaria impongono cautela nell'interpretazione dei dati, che restano preliminari; sono necessari ulteriori studi con casistiche più ampie e endpoint temporali estesi prima di ipotizzarne una traslazione clinica.
Rigenerazione ossea verticale con griglie 3D-printed su calvaria di ratto: dati preliminari di uno studio comparativo
LISI, GABRIELLA
2025/2026
Abstract
Introduction Edentulism leads to progressive resorption of the alveolar processes, compromising subsequent implant-prosthetic rehabilitation. Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR), through the use of meshes, is a well-established technique for restoring bone volume. Titanium meshes represent the current gold standard, although they require a second surgical procedure for removal; resorbable meshes, such as those made of PCL and PDO, have been proposed as alternatives, but their efficacy in vertical bone augmentation remains poorly validated in vivo. Aim of the Study To evaluate, in a rat calvarial model, the feasibility and regenerative efficacy of custom-made PCL and PDO domes, comparing their behavior with that of titanium domes. Materials and Methods Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were used and randomized into three groups (titanium, PCL, PDO). Domes of identical geometry were fixed onto the calvaria following bone site preparation and filled with a mixed graft of autologous and heterologous bone (Bio-Oss®, 50:50 ratio). At 8 weeks post-surgery, specimens were analyzed by micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) and histology (ground sections). Results No deaths occurred in any of the three groups during the 8-week observation period. In the titanium and PCL groups, maintenance of the regenerative space was observed, with new bone formation originating exclusively from pre-existing bone. Titanium domes showed greater bone extension (up to two-thirds of the volume) compared to PCL domes (approximately one-third), with direct bone-to-biomaterial contact observed only in the PCL group. Diffuse vascularization and an absent-to-mild inflammatory response were detected in both groups, with no severe foreign body reactions, and Micro-CT analysis confirmed the histological findings through density analysis of the tissue components present. Histological and radiographic results for the PDO group are still being processed. Available clinical data demonstrate good tissue-level integration of the material, with no complications observed in any case. Conclusions This study demonstrated that PCL domes are able to maintain the regenerative space and support new bone formation without structural collapse, suggesting a regenerative potential comparable to titanium, with the potential advantage of avoiding a second removal surgery. The PDO material, although not yet fully investigated, appears clinically comparable to PCL. The limited sample size, the single 8-week endpoint, and the translational limitations of the calvarial model warrant caution in interpreting the data, which remain preliminary; further studies with larger cohorts and extended time-point endpoints are needed before hypothesizing clinical translation.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/114072