Background: Prophylactic removal of asymptomatic impacted third molars with no clinical or radiographic evidence of disease remains controversial. Histopathological changes of the dental follicle may occur even without suggestive clinical or radiographic findings. Aim: To estimate the pooled prevalence and spectrum of histopathological changes in dental follicles associated with impacted third molars and investigate their relationship with clinical, demographic, and radiographic characteristics. Materials and Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to PRISMA. MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Embase were searched through June 13, 2026, supplemented by citation searching. Observational studies with systematic histological assessment of dental follicles were included. Meta- analyses of proportions were performed using random-effects models. Methodological quality and certainty of evidence were assessed using JBI and GRADE. Results: Twenty-nine studies comprising 3,191 sites were included. Across 28 studies, the pooled prevalence of histopathological changes was 33% (95% CI: 26– 41%; I2 = 90%), with pooled prevalences of 31% (95% CI: 23–41%) for cystic changes and 2% (95% CI: 1–5%) for neoplastic changes. Dentigerous cyst was the most frequent finding, with a prevalence of 28.7% (95% CI: 20.7–38.4%). Among 20 studies allowing a maximum pericoronal radiolucency of 2–3 mm, the prevalence was 28% (95% CI: 19–38%). Certainty of evidence was very low. Conclusions: Histopathological changes of the dental follicle may occur frequently in impacted third molars, even without clinical or radiographic manifestations. Their pathological potential should therefore be considered when evaluating the indication for extraction, while impacted third molars retained in situ warrant active clinical and radiographic follow-up. However, current evidence does not establish which microscopic changes will progress to clinically manifest disease. Prospective longitudinal studies using standardized diagnostic criteria are needed.
Background: L’indicazione alla rimozione profilattica dei terzi molari inclusi asintomatici privi di evidenze clinico-radiografiche di patologia rimane controversa. Alterazioni istopatologiche del follicolo dentale associato possono essere presenti anche in assenza di reperti suggestivi ed evolvere in patologie cistiche o tumorali. Scopo dello studio: Stimare prevalenza e spettro delle alterazioni istopatologiche dei follicoli dentali associati a terzi molari inclusi e analizzarne la relazione con caratteristiche cliniche, demografiche e radiografiche. Materiali e metodi: È stata condotta una revisione sistematica con meta-analisi secondo PRISMA. La ricerca bibliografica è stata effettuata in MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus ed Embase fino al 13 giugno 2026 e integrata mediante ricerca manuale delle citazioni. Sono stati inclusi studi osservazionali con valutazione istologica sistematica dei follicoli dentali. Qualità metodologica e certezza delle evidenze sono state valutate mediante JBI e GRADE. Risultati: Sono stati inclusi 29 studi, per un totale di 3.191 siti. In 28 studi la prevalenza combinata delle alterazioni istopatologiche era del 33% (IC 95%: 26– 41%; I2=90%), del 31% (IC 95%: 23–41%) per quelle cistiche e del 2% (IC 95%: 1–5%) per quelle tumorali. La cisti dentigera era la più frequente, con una prevalenza del 28,7% (IC 95%: 20,7–38,4%). Nei 20 studi con radiotrasparenza pericoronale massima di 2–3 mm, la prevalenza era del 28% (IC 95%: 19–38%). La certezza delle evidenze è risultata molto bassa. Conclusioni: Le alterazioni istopatologiche del follicolo dentale possono essere frequenti nei terzi molari inclusi, anche in assenza di evidenti manifestazioni cliniche o radiografiche. Il loro potenziale patologico deve pertanto essere considerato nell’indicazione all’estrazione e, in caso di mantenimento, giustifica un follow-up clinico-radiologico attivo. Tuttavia, le evidenze non consentono di stabilire quali alterazioni microscopiche progrediscano verso condizioni clinicamente manifeste. Sono necessari studi prospettici e longitudinali condotti secondo criteri diagnostici standardizzati.
Alterazioni istopatologiche associate ai follicoli dei terzi molari inclusi: una revisione della letteratura
ROSSAN, GIULIA
2025/2026
Abstract
Background: Prophylactic removal of asymptomatic impacted third molars with no clinical or radiographic evidence of disease remains controversial. Histopathological changes of the dental follicle may occur even without suggestive clinical or radiographic findings. Aim: To estimate the pooled prevalence and spectrum of histopathological changes in dental follicles associated with impacted third molars and investigate their relationship with clinical, demographic, and radiographic characteristics. Materials and Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to PRISMA. MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Embase were searched through June 13, 2026, supplemented by citation searching. Observational studies with systematic histological assessment of dental follicles were included. Meta- analyses of proportions were performed using random-effects models. Methodological quality and certainty of evidence were assessed using JBI and GRADE. Results: Twenty-nine studies comprising 3,191 sites were included. Across 28 studies, the pooled prevalence of histopathological changes was 33% (95% CI: 26– 41%; I2 = 90%), with pooled prevalences of 31% (95% CI: 23–41%) for cystic changes and 2% (95% CI: 1–5%) for neoplastic changes. Dentigerous cyst was the most frequent finding, with a prevalence of 28.7% (95% CI: 20.7–38.4%). Among 20 studies allowing a maximum pericoronal radiolucency of 2–3 mm, the prevalence was 28% (95% CI: 19–38%). Certainty of evidence was very low. Conclusions: Histopathological changes of the dental follicle may occur frequently in impacted third molars, even without clinical or radiographic manifestations. Their pathological potential should therefore be considered when evaluating the indication for extraction, while impacted third molars retained in situ warrant active clinical and radiographic follow-up. However, current evidence does not establish which microscopic changes will progress to clinically manifest disease. Prospective longitudinal studies using standardized diagnostic criteria are needed.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/114079