Background Posterior maxillary atrophy may result in insufficient bone volume for implant placement. In cases of severe vertical bone deficiency, lateral sinus floor elevation can restore favorable conditions for implant rehabilitation. Fresh Frozen Bone (FFB) in corticocancellous blocks represents a potential alternative, although prospective evidence remains limited. Aim of the study This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and predictability of corticocancellous FFB grafts used for lateral maxillary sinus floor elevation, integrating radiological and histological data approximately four months after surgery. Materials and methods A prospective, interventional, uncontrolled, single-center clinical study was conducted on 30 patients, for a total of 40 surgical sites, treated with corticocancellous FFB blocks shaped to fit the defect and stabilized with transcortical screws. CBCT scans performed immediately after surgery (T0) and approximately four months later (T1) were analyzed using three-dimensional segmentation to assess graft volume, height, width, and density. Vertical gain at the first follow-up was determined relative to baseline residual bone height. Longitudinal comparison was available for 38 sites for volumetric and geometric parameters and for 35 sites for density. Six histological samples were also analyzed, and postoperative complications were recorded. Results At approximately four months, graft volume remained stable (2175 ± 558 vs 2169 ± 560 mm³; p = 0.837), with a mean vertical gain of 10.52 mm (p < 0.001) and no significant changes in width (p = 0.795). Mean radiological density increased significantly from 462.7 ± 140.2 to 528.6 ± 130.2 (p < 0.001). Histological analysis showed a mean vital component of 76.7%, with neoangiogenesis observed in 5/6 samples and osteoblasts in 4/6. Early complications occurred in 10.3% of evaluable sites; two patients subsequently required surgical revision due to bone sequestration. Conclusions The preliminary results show good volumetric and transverse stability of FFB grafts, associated with significant vertical gain and increased radiological density, with histological findings compatible with ongoing incorporation and remodeling processes. Although encouraging, these findings need to be confirmed through completion of follow-up and assessment of implant-related outcomes.
Introduzione L’atrofia del mascellare posteriore può determinare un volume osseo insufficiente per il posizionamento implantare. Nei deficit verticali severi, il grande rialzo del seno mascellare permette di ripristinare condizioni favorevoli. L’osso omologo fresco congelato (Fresh Frozen Bone, FFB) in blocchi cortico-spongiosi rappresenta una possibile alternativa ricostruttiva anche se le evidenze prospettiche sono ancora limitate. Scopo dello studio Valutare efficacia, sicurezza e predicibilità degli innesti cortico-spongiosi di FFB nel grande rialzo del seno mascellare, integrando dati radiologici e istologici a circa quattro mesi dall’intervento. Materiali e metodi È stato condotto uno studio clinico prospettico, interventistico, non controllato e monocentrico su 30 pazienti, per un totale di 40 siti chirurgici, trattati con blocchi cortico-spongiosi di FFB modellati sul difetto e stabilizzati mediante viti transcorticali. Le CBCT eseguite nell’immediato postoperatorio (T0) e a circa quattro mesi (T1) sono state analizzate mediante segmentazione tridimensionale per valutare volume, altezza, larghezza e densità dell’innesto. Il guadagno verticale al primo follow-up è stato determinato rispetto all’altezza ossea residua basale. Il confronto longitudinale era disponibile per 38 siti relativamente ai parametri volumetrici e geometrici e per 35 siti relativamente alla densità. Sono stati inoltre analizzati 6 campioni istologici e registrate le complicanze postoperatorie. Risultati A circa quattro mesi, il volume dell’innesto è rimasto stabile (2175 ± 558 vs 2169 ± 560 mm³; p = 0,837), con un guadagno verticale medio di 10,52 mm (p < 0,001) e senza variazioni significative della larghezza (p = 0,795). La densità radiologica è aumentata significativamente da 462,7 ± 140,2 a 528,6 ± 130,2 (p < 0,001). L’analisi istologica ha mostrato una componente vitale media del 76,7%, con neoangiogenesi in 5/6 campioni e osteoblasti in 4/6. Le complicanze precoci hanno interessato il 10,3% dei siti valutabili; due pazienti hanno successivamente richiesto revisione chirurgica per sequestro osseo. Conclusioni I risultati preliminari mostrano una buona stabilità volumetrica e trasversale dell’FFB, associata a significativo guadagno verticale e incremento della densità radiologica, con reperti istologici compatibili con processi di incorporazione e rimodellamento. Pur essendo incoraggianti, questi dati dovranno essere confermati dal completamento del follow-up e dalla valutazione degli outcome implantari.
Valutazione prospettica degli innesti cortico-spongiosi di osso omologo (FFB) nel grande rialzo del seno mascellare: aspetti clinici, radiologici, istologici e implantari. Risultati preliminari
BOZZA, ENRICO
2025/2026
Abstract
Background Posterior maxillary atrophy may result in insufficient bone volume for implant placement. In cases of severe vertical bone deficiency, lateral sinus floor elevation can restore favorable conditions for implant rehabilitation. Fresh Frozen Bone (FFB) in corticocancellous blocks represents a potential alternative, although prospective evidence remains limited. Aim of the study This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and predictability of corticocancellous FFB grafts used for lateral maxillary sinus floor elevation, integrating radiological and histological data approximately four months after surgery. Materials and methods A prospective, interventional, uncontrolled, single-center clinical study was conducted on 30 patients, for a total of 40 surgical sites, treated with corticocancellous FFB blocks shaped to fit the defect and stabilized with transcortical screws. CBCT scans performed immediately after surgery (T0) and approximately four months later (T1) were analyzed using three-dimensional segmentation to assess graft volume, height, width, and density. Vertical gain at the first follow-up was determined relative to baseline residual bone height. Longitudinal comparison was available for 38 sites for volumetric and geometric parameters and for 35 sites for density. Six histological samples were also analyzed, and postoperative complications were recorded. Results At approximately four months, graft volume remained stable (2175 ± 558 vs 2169 ± 560 mm³; p = 0.837), with a mean vertical gain of 10.52 mm (p < 0.001) and no significant changes in width (p = 0.795). Mean radiological density increased significantly from 462.7 ± 140.2 to 528.6 ± 130.2 (p < 0.001). Histological analysis showed a mean vital component of 76.7%, with neoangiogenesis observed in 5/6 samples and osteoblasts in 4/6. Early complications occurred in 10.3% of evaluable sites; two patients subsequently required surgical revision due to bone sequestration. Conclusions The preliminary results show good volumetric and transverse stability of FFB grafts, associated with significant vertical gain and increased radiological density, with histological findings compatible with ongoing incorporation and remodeling processes. Although encouraging, these findings need to be confirmed through completion of follow-up and assessment of implant-related outcomes.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/114085