Entanglement is one of the most striking features of quantum mechanics, and while it has been extensively probed in photonic and atomic systems, its manifestation in nuclear systems, where the strong interaction dominates, remains largely unexplored. This thesis investigates quantum correlations in two distinct nuclear contexts: entangled proton pairs produced in two-proton radioactivity, and entangled photon pairs emitted in nuclear gamma decays. The first part addresses the feasibility of an experiment to measure spin correlations between the two protons emitted in the decay of beryllium-6, produced via the 7Be(3He,4He)6Be reaction. Cross sections are computed with the FRESCO and TWOFNR codes and validated against experimental data on the mirror and neighboring nuclei 7Li and 9Be, in the absence of direct measurements. A GEANT4 simulation of a Time Projection Chamber coupled to a graphite scatterer is then used to model the spin-orbit scattering that reveals the proton spin correlation, from which the beam energy and intensity required to observe a violation of the Bell-CHSH inequality are derived. The second part exploits data collected with the AGATA gamma-ray tracking array to search for polarization entanglement between photon pairs from a polonium-214 cascade decay and from sodium-22 positron-electron annihilation, using Compton scattering as a polarization analyzer. For polonium-214 the large statistical uncertainties on several transitions prevent a conclusive test, whereas for sodium-22 the measured correlation is found to be significantly incompatible with the non-entangled hypothesis, pointing to specific experimental and analysis improvements for future measurements. These results open prospects both for fundamental studies of quantum correlations in nuclear systems and for applications exploiting entangled nuclear radiation, such as hybrid qubit schemes and other quantum technologies.
L'entanglement è uno dei tratti più sorprendenti della meccanica quantistica e, sebbene sia stato ampiamente indagato nei sistemi fotonici e atomici, la sua manifestazione nei sistemi nucleari, dove domina l'interazione forte, rimane in gran parte inesplorata. Questa tesi analizza le correlazioni quantistiche in due distinti contesti nucleari: coppie di protoni entangled prodotte nel decadimento a due protoni e coppie di fotoni entangled emesse nei decadimenti gamma nucleari. La prima parte affronta la fattibilità di un esperimento per misurare le correlazioni di spin tra i due protoni emessi nel decadimento del berillio-6, prodotto tramite la reazione 7Be(3He,4He)6Be. Le sezioni d'urto vengono calcolate con i codici FRESCO e TWOFNR e verificate rispetto ai dati sperimentali sui nuclei specchio e vicini 7Li e 9Be, in assenza di misurazioni dirette. Viene poi utilizzata una simulazione GEANT4 di una Camera a Proiezione Temporale (TPC) accoppiata a un diffusore di grafite per modellare la diffusione spin-orbita che rivela la correlazione di spin dei protoni; da essa si ricavano l'energia e l'intensità del fascio necessarie per osservare una violazione della disuguaglianza di Bell-CHSH.La seconda parte sfrutta i dati raccolti con l'array di tracciamento di raggi gamma AGATA per cercare l'entanglement di polarizzazione tra coppie di fotoni provenienti da un decadimento in cascata del polonio-214 e dall'annichilazione positrone-elettrone del sodio-22, utilizzando lo scattering Compton come analizzatore di polarizzazione. Per il polonio-214, le elevate incertezze statistiche su diverse transizioni impediscono un test conclusivo, mentre per il sodio-22 la correlazione misurata risulta significativamente incompatibile con l'ipotesi di non-entanglement, evidenziando specifici miglioramenti sperimentali e di analisi per misurazioni future. Questi risultati aprono prospettive sia per studi fondamentali sulle correlazioni quantistiche nei sistemi nucleari, sia per applicazioni che sfruttano la radiazione nucleare entangled, come schemi di qubit ibridi e altre tecnologie quantistiche.
Probing Quantum Entanglement in Nuclear Decays
NATI, ALBERTO
2025/2026
Abstract
Entanglement is one of the most striking features of quantum mechanics, and while it has been extensively probed in photonic and atomic systems, its manifestation in nuclear systems, where the strong interaction dominates, remains largely unexplored. This thesis investigates quantum correlations in two distinct nuclear contexts: entangled proton pairs produced in two-proton radioactivity, and entangled photon pairs emitted in nuclear gamma decays. The first part addresses the feasibility of an experiment to measure spin correlations between the two protons emitted in the decay of beryllium-6, produced via the 7Be(3He,4He)6Be reaction. Cross sections are computed with the FRESCO and TWOFNR codes and validated against experimental data on the mirror and neighboring nuclei 7Li and 9Be, in the absence of direct measurements. A GEANT4 simulation of a Time Projection Chamber coupled to a graphite scatterer is then used to model the spin-orbit scattering that reveals the proton spin correlation, from which the beam energy and intensity required to observe a violation of the Bell-CHSH inequality are derived. The second part exploits data collected with the AGATA gamma-ray tracking array to search for polarization entanglement between photon pairs from a polonium-214 cascade decay and from sodium-22 positron-electron annihilation, using Compton scattering as a polarization analyzer. For polonium-214 the large statistical uncertainties on several transitions prevent a conclusive test, whereas for sodium-22 the measured correlation is found to be significantly incompatible with the non-entangled hypothesis, pointing to specific experimental and analysis improvements for future measurements. These results open prospects both for fundamental studies of quantum correlations in nuclear systems and for applications exploiting entangled nuclear radiation, such as hybrid qubit schemes and other quantum technologies.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/114143