This thesis describes the modeling and control system design for a two-wheeled self-balancing robot, analyzed as an underactuated and unstable system based on the inverted pendulum model. The main objective was to stabilize the robot in the upright position and control its motion. Initially, the mathematical model of the system was derived and linearized around the equilibrium point to obtain its state-space representation. Subsequently, after verifying the system's controllability, an optimal state feedback controller based on the LQR (Linear Quadratic Regulator) technique was synthesized, coupled with an integral action (LQI) for the rejection of constant steady-state disturbances. Finally, the entire system was implemented and validated in the MATLAB and Simulink environment, analyzing the transient response and the physical saturation limits of the actuators.
Questo lavoro di tesi descrive la modellizzazione e la progettazione del sistema di controllo per un robot autobilanciante a due ruote, analizzato come sistema sottoattuato e instabile riconducibile al modello del pendolo inverso. L’obiettivo principale ha riguardato la stabilizzazione del robot in posizione verticale e il controllo del suo movimento. Inizialmente è stato ricavato il modello matematico del sistema, linearizzato attorno al punto di equilibrio per ottenerne la rappresentazione in spazio di stato. Successivamente, previa verifica della controllabilità, è stato sintetizzato un controllore in retroazione dallo stato basato su logica ottima LQR (Linear Quadratic Regulator), affiancato da un'azione integrale (LQI) per la reiezione dei disturbi costanti a regime. L'intero sistema è stato infine implementato e validato in ambiente MATLAB e Simulink, analizzando la risposta transitoria e i limiti fisici di saturazione degli attuatori.
Controllo in retroazione dallo stato di un robot autobilanciante
DISARÒ, GIACOMO
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis describes the modeling and control system design for a two-wheeled self-balancing robot, analyzed as an underactuated and unstable system based on the inverted pendulum model. The main objective was to stabilize the robot in the upright position and control its motion. Initially, the mathematical model of the system was derived and linearized around the equilibrium point to obtain its state-space representation. Subsequently, after verifying the system's controllability, an optimal state feedback controller based on the LQR (Linear Quadratic Regulator) technique was synthesized, coupled with an integral action (LQI) for the rejection of constant steady-state disturbances. Finally, the entire system was implemented and validated in the MATLAB and Simulink environment, analyzing the transient response and the physical saturation limits of the actuators.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/114244