Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are a category of small to medium sized aerial vehicles that can fly autonomously or controlled through radio-frequency communications. Fixed-wing UAVs are becoming increasingly widespread because of their ability to adapt to multiple application contexts, excelling in performing medium to long range missions with the ability to carry payloads due to their greater energy efficiency compared to other UAV types. For these reasons and due to the wide applicability, growing interest in this type of technology is emerging in multiple contexts, from recreational and academic to industrial and military. This thesis will focus on the case-study of Midnight, the latest drone of the LiftUP university project, using classical control theory methods to develop a pitch angle controller to stabilize the flight trajectory and improve disturbance rejection of wind bursts. The control analysis is based on an aircraft transfer function derived from the flight dynamics coefficients computed for Midnight using the XFLR5 software. MATLAB will then be used to design a two-loop nested controller that satisfies the design objectives and constraints. The first and inner loop is dedicated to the control of the pitch angular velocity, and the second outer loop to the regulation of the pitch angle. Atmospheric turbulence will be modeled as an input disturbance using a military-grade wind turbulence model. Lastly, the synthesized control architecture will be integrated in ArduPilot, the on-board firmware of the aircraft.
I veicoli aerei senza pilota (UAVs) sono una categoria di veicoli aerei di piccole e medie dimensioni in grado di volare in modo autonomo o di essere controllati tramite comu nicazioni in radiofrequenza. Gli UAV ad ala fissa stanno registrando una crescente dif fusione grazie alla loro capacità di adattarsi a molteplici contesti applicativi, eccellendo nell’esecuzione di missioni a medio-lungo raggio con la capacità di trasportare carichi utili grazie alla loro maggiore efficienza energetica rispetto ad altri tipi di UAV. Per questi motivi egrazie all’ampio campo diapplicabilità, staemergendouncrescenteinteresseper questo tipo di tecnologia in molteplici contesti, da quelli ricreativi e accademici a quelli industriali e militari. La presente tesi si concentrerà su un caso di studio relativo al Midnight, l’ultimo drone del progetto universitario LiftUP, sviluppando un controllore dell’angolo di beccheggio per stabilizzare la traiettoria di volo e migliorare la resistenza alle perturbazioni causate dalle raffiche di vento. L’analisi complessiva sarà condotta partendo da una funzione di trasferimento del velivolo, derivata dai coefficienti di meccanica di volo calcolati per Midnight. MATLAB sarà quindi utilizzato per progettare un controllore annidato a due anelli che permetta di soddisfare gli obiettivi e i vincoli di progettazione. Il primo loop interno sarà dedicato al controllo della velocità angolare di beccheggio, mentre il secondo anello, più esterno, permetterà la regolazione dell’angolo di beccheggio. La turbolenza atmosferica sarà modellata come disturbo in ingresso utilizzando un modello di turbolenza di livello militare. Infine, il controllore sintetizzato sarà integrato in ArduPilot, il firmware di bordo del velivolo.
Pitch angle control for a UAV aircraft
MUDDOLON, GABRIELE
2025/2026
Abstract
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are a category of small to medium sized aerial vehicles that can fly autonomously or controlled through radio-frequency communications. Fixed-wing UAVs are becoming increasingly widespread because of their ability to adapt to multiple application contexts, excelling in performing medium to long range missions with the ability to carry payloads due to their greater energy efficiency compared to other UAV types. For these reasons and due to the wide applicability, growing interest in this type of technology is emerging in multiple contexts, from recreational and academic to industrial and military. This thesis will focus on the case-study of Midnight, the latest drone of the LiftUP university project, using classical control theory methods to develop a pitch angle controller to stabilize the flight trajectory and improve disturbance rejection of wind bursts. The control analysis is based on an aircraft transfer function derived from the flight dynamics coefficients computed for Midnight using the XFLR5 software. MATLAB will then be used to design a two-loop nested controller that satisfies the design objectives and constraints. The first and inner loop is dedicated to the control of the pitch angular velocity, and the second outer loop to the regulation of the pitch angle. Atmospheric turbulence will be modeled as an input disturbance using a military-grade wind turbulence model. Lastly, the synthesized control architecture will be integrated in ArduPilot, the on-board firmware of the aircraft.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Muddolon_Gabriele.pdf
embargo fino al 24/03/2028
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/114258