Comparative Analysis of the Effects of Abelmoschus esculentus Extracts from Different Plant Parts and Extraction Techniques in a HepG2 Steatosis Model

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a highly prevalent chronic liver disorder characterized by excessive hepatic fat accumulation in association with cardiometabolic risk factors. Oxidative stress and altered lipid metabolism contribute to disease progression, making plant-derived compounds with antioxidant and antisteatotic properties promising candidates for investigation.This thesis evaluated extracts of Abelmoschus esculentus (okra) obtained from different plant parts (seeds, fruits, and leaves) and through different extraction methods, including ethanolic maceration and ultrasound-assisted extraction. The aim was to compare their chemical characteristics, antioxidant potential, and biological activity in an in vitro model relevant to MASLD. Extracts were characterized through the determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content and their antioxidant capacity was assessed using a DPPH radical scavenging assay. To investigate potential effects on lipid accumulation, a steatosis model was established in HepG2 cells using a palmitic acid/oleic acid mixture, followed by treatment with the different okra extracts. Lipid droplets were visualized by fluorescence staining and analyzed through image-based quantification. The study provides a comparative framework linking extraction procedures, phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, and steatosis-related cellular responses. Overall, the findings support the potential of okra-derived preparations as a source of bioactive compounds relevant to MASLD research, while highlighting the importance of extraction strategy and plant part selection in determining biological activity. Further studies are required to achieve a more comprehensive phytochemical characterization of the extracts and to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying their effects on hepatic lipid metabolism and oxidative stress, using more advanced preclinical models.