The alpaca (Vicugna pacos), a South American camelid native to the Andean highlands, is characterised by certain distinctive features relating to its reproductive physiology, including induced ovulation. Despite growing interest in this species from an animal husbandry perspective, knowledge regarding the factors influencing the gestation length and foetal development in this species remains limited. Ultrasound is a preferred tool for monitoring pregnancy, as it allows for the assessment of foetal development and the estimation of gestational age. The considerable variability in the duration of alpaca pregnancy reported in the scientific literature suggests the possible involvement of physiological and environmental factors, including climatic conditions, as well as the existence of mechanisms regulating gestation analogous to those described in other species. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of ultrasound monitoring in estimating gestational age and predicting the date of parturition in alpacas. Furthermore, this research seeks to investigate the possible role of environmental factors (including ambient temperature, geographical location, etc.) in modulating the length of pregnancy. To this end, ultrasound assessments were carried out on pregnant females reared on the Peruvian Andean plateau, at approximately 4,000 metres above sea level, during mid-gestation. The data obtained were combined with information on mating and parturition dates, as well as an analysis of ambient temperatures recorded at the farm over the last twenty years, to evaluate the possible influence of ambient temperature on gestational length. The findings of this study may contribute to a better understanding of pregnancy physiology in alpacas and the role of environmental factors in modulating gestational length.
L’alpaca (Vicugna pacos), camelide sudamericano originario dell’altopiano andino, è caratterizzata da alcuni peculiari aspetti concernenti la fisiologia riproduttiva, tra cui quello relativo all’ovulazione indotta. Nonostante il crescente interesse zootecnico verso questa specie, risultano ancora limitate le conoscenze inerenti ai fattori che influenzano la durata della gestazione e lo sviluppo fetale dell’animale. L’ecografia è uno strumento privilegiato per il monitoraggio della gravidanza, in quanto consente la valutazione dello sviluppo fetale e la stima dell’età gestazionale. La notevole variabilità della durata della gravidanza dell'alpaca riportata dalla letteratura scientifica suggerisce il possibile coinvolgimento di fattori fisiologici e ambientali, tra cui le condizioni climatiche, nonché l'esistenza di meccanismi di regolazione della gestazione analoghi a quelli descritti in altre specie. Il presente studio si propone di valutare l’efficacia del monitoraggio ecografico nella stima dell’età gestazionale e della data presunta del parto nell’alpaca. Inoltre, tale lavoro di ricerca vuole indagare il possibile ruolo dei fattori ambientali (ad esempio temperatura ambientale, localizzazione, etc.) nella modulazione della durata della gravidanza. A tale scopo, sono state effettuate valutazioni ecografiche su femmine gravide allevate nell’altopiano andino peruviano, a circa 4000 m s.l.m., durante la fase intermedia della gestazione. I dati ottenuti sono stati integrati con le informazioni relative alle date di accoppiamento e parto e con l’analisi delle temperature ambientali registrate presso l’allevamento nel corso degli ultimi vent’anni, al fine di valutare una possibile influenza della temperatura ambientale sulla durata gestazionale. I risultati dello studio potranno contribuire ad ampliare le conoscenze sulla fisiologia della gravidanza nell'alpaca e sul ruolo dei fattori ambientali nella modulazione della durata gestazionale.
Valutazione ecografica per la stima dell’età gestazionale e analisi dell’impatto dei fattori ambientali sulla gravidanza nell’alpaca (Vicugna pacos)
BONFIGLIOLI, ELENA
2025/2026
Abstract
The alpaca (Vicugna pacos), a South American camelid native to the Andean highlands, is characterised by certain distinctive features relating to its reproductive physiology, including induced ovulation. Despite growing interest in this species from an animal husbandry perspective, knowledge regarding the factors influencing the gestation length and foetal development in this species remains limited. Ultrasound is a preferred tool for monitoring pregnancy, as it allows for the assessment of foetal development and the estimation of gestational age. The considerable variability in the duration of alpaca pregnancy reported in the scientific literature suggests the possible involvement of physiological and environmental factors, including climatic conditions, as well as the existence of mechanisms regulating gestation analogous to those described in other species. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of ultrasound monitoring in estimating gestational age and predicting the date of parturition in alpacas. Furthermore, this research seeks to investigate the possible role of environmental factors (including ambient temperature, geographical location, etc.) in modulating the length of pregnancy. To this end, ultrasound assessments were carried out on pregnant females reared on the Peruvian Andean plateau, at approximately 4,000 metres above sea level, during mid-gestation. The data obtained were combined with information on mating and parturition dates, as well as an analysis of ambient temperatures recorded at the farm over the last twenty years, to evaluate the possible influence of ambient temperature on gestational length. The findings of this study may contribute to a better understanding of pregnancy physiology in alpacas and the role of environmental factors in modulating gestational length.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/114380