Canine Atopic Dermatitis (cAD) is a genetically predisposed, allergic, inflammatory, and pruritic skin disease associated with the production of allergen-specific IgE antibodies against environmental allergens, affecting approximately 10% of the canine population. It stands as the second most frequent allergic disease in dogs, involving both hypersensitivity mechanisms and skin barrier dysfunction. Recently, scientific evidence has highlighted the crucial role of the gut-skin axis, suggesting that intestinal dysbiosis can exacerbate systemic inflammation. This prospective clinical study investigates the efficacy, safety, and clinical impact of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT), administered orally via lyophilized capsules, in a population of 10 dogs affected by cAD. The patients were selected in accordance with strict clinical inclusion criteria (Favrot's criteria and ICADA guidelines) and monitored over a 270-day period. Through specialist clinical evaluations and regular home-based questionnaires, several key parameters were assessed: nutritional status (Body Condition Score), severity and extent of skin lesions (CADESI-04 index), pruritus intensity (pVAS scale), pharmacological load (Daily Medical Score/Medication Score), fecal consistency (Fecal Score), and the incidence of adverse events. The results demonstrated an excellent safety and tolerability profile for the treatment: the Fecal Score remained stable, and gastrointestinal adverse events (vomiting and diarrhea) were rare, mild, self- limiting, and almost exclusively confined to the initial administration phases. From a clinical dermatological perspective, although a general trend towards the stabilization and improvement of lesions (CADESI-04) was observed, this reduction did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.375). Similarly, pruritus intensity (pVAS) showed high interindividual variability without statistically significant reductions (p = 0.061). Finally, the analysis of the Medication Score demonstrated the absence of a medication-sparing effect: reliance on conventional therapies remained unchanged or increased in most subjects during the treatment year compared to the previous one. In conclusion, while FMT is confirmed as a safe and promising therapeutic strategy for modulating the intestinal ecosystem and supporting the skin barrier, under the conditions of this protocol, it does not yet possess sufficient clinical efficacy to be used as a standalone therapy. Therefore, the use of conventional drugs remains essential for the symptomatic control of the disease in atopic patients.
La dermatite atopica canina (cAD) è una patologia cutanea allergica, infiammatoria e pruriginosa a predisposizione genetica, associata alla produzione di IgE specifiche contro allergeni ambientali, che colpisce circa il 10% della popolazione canina. Essa rappresenta la seconda malattia di natura allergica più frequente nel cane e la sua patogenesi include sia meccanismi di ipersensibilità immunitaria, sia alterazioni strutturali della barriera cutanea. Recenti evidenze scientifiche hanno inoltre evidenziato il ruolo cruciale dell'asse intestino-cute, suggerendo come la disbiosi intestinale possa esacerbare l'infiammazione sistemica. Il presente studio clinico prospettico indaga l’efficacia, la sicurezza e l'impatto clinico del Trapianto di Microbiota Fecale (FMT), somministrato per via orale tramite capsule liofilizzate, in una popolazione di dieci cani affetti da dermatite atopica, selezionati secondo rigorosi criteri clinici di inclusione (criteri di Favrot e linee guida ICADA). I pazienti sono stati monitorati per un periodo di 270 giorni. Tramite visite cliniche specialistiche e questionari domiciliari periodici, sono stati valutati parametri fondamentali quali: lo stato nutrizionale (Body Condition Score), l'estensione e la gravità delle lesioni cutanee (indice CADESI-04), l'intensità del prurito (scala pVAS), il carico farmacologico (Daily Medical Score/Medication Score), la consistenza fecale (Fecal Score) e l'incidenza di eventuali eventi avversi. I risultati hanno evidenziato un eccellente profilo di sicurezza e tollerabilità del trattamento: il Fecal Score si è mantenuto stabile e gli eventi avversi di natura gastrointestinale (vomito e diarrea) sono risultati rari, lievi e autolimitanti, confinati quasi esclusivamente alle fasi iniziali di somministrazione. Dal punto di vista clinico dermatologico, sebbene si sia osservata una tendenza generale alla stabilizzazione e al miglioramento delle lesioni (CADESI-04), tale riduzione non ha raggiunto la significatività statistica (p = 0,375). Allo stesso modo, l'intensità del prurito (pVAS) ha mostrato un'elevata variabilità interindividuale senza riduzioni statisticamente significative (p = 0,061). Infine, l'analisi del Medication Score ha dimostrato l'assenza di un effetto di risparmio farmacologico: il ricorso alle terapie convenzionali è rimasto invariato o è aumentato nella maggior parte dei soggetti nell'anno di trattamento rispetto a quello precedente. In conclusione, seppur l'FMT si confermi una strategia terapeutica sicura e promettente per la modulazione dell'ecosistema intestinale e il supporto della barriera cutanea, esso non sembra possedere ancora, alle condizioni del presente protocollo, un'efficacia clinica sufficiente per essere impiegato come terapia autonoma. L'utilizzo dei farmaci convenzionali rimane pertanto imprescindibile per il controllo sintomatico della patologia nel paziente atopico.
Studio prospettico sul trapianto fecale in un gruppo di cani affetti da dermatite atopica
FAVERO, MICHELE
2025/2026
Abstract
Canine Atopic Dermatitis (cAD) is a genetically predisposed, allergic, inflammatory, and pruritic skin disease associated with the production of allergen-specific IgE antibodies against environmental allergens, affecting approximately 10% of the canine population. It stands as the second most frequent allergic disease in dogs, involving both hypersensitivity mechanisms and skin barrier dysfunction. Recently, scientific evidence has highlighted the crucial role of the gut-skin axis, suggesting that intestinal dysbiosis can exacerbate systemic inflammation. This prospective clinical study investigates the efficacy, safety, and clinical impact of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT), administered orally via lyophilized capsules, in a population of 10 dogs affected by cAD. The patients were selected in accordance with strict clinical inclusion criteria (Favrot's criteria and ICADA guidelines) and monitored over a 270-day period. Through specialist clinical evaluations and regular home-based questionnaires, several key parameters were assessed: nutritional status (Body Condition Score), severity and extent of skin lesions (CADESI-04 index), pruritus intensity (pVAS scale), pharmacological load (Daily Medical Score/Medication Score), fecal consistency (Fecal Score), and the incidence of adverse events. The results demonstrated an excellent safety and tolerability profile for the treatment: the Fecal Score remained stable, and gastrointestinal adverse events (vomiting and diarrhea) were rare, mild, self- limiting, and almost exclusively confined to the initial administration phases. From a clinical dermatological perspective, although a general trend towards the stabilization and improvement of lesions (CADESI-04) was observed, this reduction did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.375). Similarly, pruritus intensity (pVAS) showed high interindividual variability without statistically significant reductions (p = 0.061). Finally, the analysis of the Medication Score demonstrated the absence of a medication-sparing effect: reliance on conventional therapies remained unchanged or increased in most subjects during the treatment year compared to the previous one. In conclusion, while FMT is confirmed as a safe and promising therapeutic strategy for modulating the intestinal ecosystem and supporting the skin barrier, under the conditions of this protocol, it does not yet possess sufficient clinical efficacy to be used as a standalone therapy. Therefore, the use of conventional drugs remains essential for the symptomatic control of the disease in atopic patients.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Favero_MIchele.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/114384