Transtibial amputation (TTA) represents a complex clinical condition in which the effectiveness of the rehabilitation process depends on several factors, including the biomechanical interaction between the residual limb and the prosthetic system. In this context, the socket plays a pivotal role as the key component of the residual limb–prosthesis interface, significantly influencing comfort, stability, and load transfer. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the main biomechanical aspects and the most recent technological advancements in the design of transtibial prostheses, with particular emphasis on customized socket solutions. Following an overview of the primary causes of amputation and the functional parameters used for prosthetic prescription (K-levels), the thesis compares the Patellar Tendon Bearing (PTB) and Total Surface Bearing (TSB) design philosophies, highlighting the progressive shift toward hybrid and patient-specific approaches. Furthermore, the study provides an in-depth analysis of the socket–residual limb interface, focusing on pressure distribution, shear loads, and integrated monitoring technologies. Particular attention is devoted to digital methodologies, including 3D scanning, reverse engineering, CAD/CAM modeling, and finite element analysis (FEA), which enable more accurate and personalized prosthetic design. Finally, additive manufacturing emerges as a promising technology for the development of optimized sockets, contributing to reduced production times and costs while enhancing the biomechanical performance of the prosthetic system.
L'amputazione transtibiale (TTA) rappresenta una condizione clinica complessa, in cui l'efficacia del percorso riabilitativo dipende da diversi fattori tra i quali l'interazione biomeccanica tra arto residuo e sistema protesico. In questo contesto, il socket costituisce l'elemento chiave dell'interfaccia moncone-protesi, influenzando comfort, stabilità e trasferimento dei carichi. L'obiettivo del presente elaborato è analizzare i principali aspetti biomeccanici e le più recenti innovazioni tecnologiche nella progettazione delle protesi transtibiali, con particolare attenzione ai socket personalizzati. Dopo una panoramica sulle principali cause di amputazione e sui parametri funzionali utilizzati nella prescrizione protesica (K-levels), vengono confrontate le filosofie progettuali Patellar Tendon Bearing (PTB) e Total Surface Bearing (TSB), evidenziando la progressiva evoluzione verso approcci ibridi e patient-specific. L'elaborato approfondisce inoltre l'analisi dell'interfaccia socket-moncone, focalizzandosi sulla distribuzione delle pressioni, sui carichi di taglio e sulle tecnologie di monitoraggio integrate. Particolare attenzione è dedicata alle metodologie digitali, quali scansione 3D, Reverse Engineering, modellazione CAD/CAM e analisi agli elementi finiti (FEA), che consentono una progettazione più accurata e personalizzata. Infine, la manifattura additiva emerge come tecnologia emergente per lo sviluppo di socket ottimizzati, contribuendo alla riduzione dei tempi e dei costi di produzione e al miglioramento delle prestazioni biomeccaniche del sistema protesico.
BIOMECCANICA DELL’INTERFACCIA SOCKET-MONCONE NELLE PROTESI TRANSTIBIALI
CAZZOLA, GIULIA
2025/2026
Abstract
Transtibial amputation (TTA) represents a complex clinical condition in which the effectiveness of the rehabilitation process depends on several factors, including the biomechanical interaction between the residual limb and the prosthetic system. In this context, the socket plays a pivotal role as the key component of the residual limb–prosthesis interface, significantly influencing comfort, stability, and load transfer. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the main biomechanical aspects and the most recent technological advancements in the design of transtibial prostheses, with particular emphasis on customized socket solutions. Following an overview of the primary causes of amputation and the functional parameters used for prosthetic prescription (K-levels), the thesis compares the Patellar Tendon Bearing (PTB) and Total Surface Bearing (TSB) design philosophies, highlighting the progressive shift toward hybrid and patient-specific approaches. Furthermore, the study provides an in-depth analysis of the socket–residual limb interface, focusing on pressure distribution, shear loads, and integrated monitoring technologies. Particular attention is devoted to digital methodologies, including 3D scanning, reverse engineering, CAD/CAM modeling, and finite element analysis (FEA), which enable more accurate and personalized prosthetic design. Finally, additive manufacturing emerges as a promising technology for the development of optimized sockets, contributing to reduced production times and costs while enhancing the biomechanical performance of the prosthetic system.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/114484