Oceanic uptake of increasingly massive anthropogenic CO₂ emissions is causing a progressive decrease in seawater pH, a phenomenon known as Ocean Acidification (OA). Among the primary consequences is the reduced availability of carbonate ions (CO₃²⁻), which impairs the construction and maintenance of calcified structures in marine calcifiers. Their physiology is likewise altered, requiring a reallocation of energy resources to cope with internal pH disturbances. Evaluating the variability of physiological, as well as structural, responses among calcifying organisms is therefore essential to identify tolerant species and assess the broader ecosystem-scale impacts of OA.The present study investigated the physiological response of the intertidal gastropod Phorcus articulatus, collected from the Venice Lagoon, following a two-month exposure to acidified conditions (pH 7.7). To this end, three key physiological parameters were evaluated (respiration rate, ammonia excretion rate, and ingestion rate), which were differentially affected by the treatment. Specifically, the significant increase in respiration rate under acidified conditions suggests the activation of a physiological strategy based on active ion-compensation mechanisms. Conversely, ammonia excretion showed no significant differences but only an increasing trend, suggesting a role in acid-base regulation rather than enhanced protein catabolism. The ingestion rate also remained virtually unchanged in individuals exposed to acidification, supporting active ion homeostasis rather than a response based on metabolic depression. Overall, these results suggest that P. articulatus is capable of coping with reduced pH conditions in the short term. Nevertheless, such responses do not guarantee its long-term persistence, where the maintenance of such metabolic strategies could prove detrimental; in this scenario, metabolic flexibility, plasticity in ATP allocation, and a constant food supply represent decisive factors determining the overall fitness of the species.
L'assorbimento oceanico delle sempre più massicce emissioni antropiche di CO₂ sta provocando un progressivo abbassamento del pH marino, un fenomeno noto come acidificazione degli oceani (Ocean Acidification, OA). Tra le principali conseguenze vi è la riduzione della disponibilità di ioni carbonato (CO₃²⁻), che ostacola la costruzione e il mantenimento delle strutture calcaree negli organismi calcificanti. Anche la loro fisiologia ne risulta alterata, richiedendo una riallocazione delle risorse energetiche per far fronte alle variazioni del pH interno. Valutare la variabilità delle risposte fisiologiche, oltre a quelle strutturali, è quindi essenziale per individuare le specie maggiormente tolleranti e stimare le conseguenze dell'OA sugli ecosistemi. Il presente studio ha indagato la risposta fisiologica del gasteropode intertidale Phorcus articulatus, prelevato nella Laguna di Venezia, a seguito di un'esposizione di due mesi a condizioni di acidificazione (pH 7.7). A tal fine, sono stati valutati tre parametri fisiologici chiave (tasso di respirazione, escrezione di ammoniaca e ingestione), risultati influenzati in modo differenziato dal trattamento. In particolare, l’aumento significativo del tasso di respirazione in condizioni acidificate suggerisce l’attivazione di una strategia fisiologica basata su meccanismi di compensazione ionica attiva. Diversamente, l’escrezione di ammoniaca non ha mostrato variazioni significative ma solo una tendenza all’aumento, suggerendo un suo ruolo nella regolazione dell’equilibrio acido-base, più che un incremento del catabolismo proteico. Anche il tasso di ingestione è rimasto pressoché invariato nei soggetti esposti ad acidificazione, a supporto di un'attiva gestione dell'omeostasi ionica anziché di una risposta basata sulla depressione metabolica. Nel complesso, i risultati suggeriscono che P. articulatus sia in grado di far fronte, nel breve periodo, a condizioni di pH ridotto. Ciononostante, tali risposte non ne garantiscono il successo a lungo termine, dove il mantenimento di tali strategie metaboliche potrebbe rivelarsi deleterio; in tale contesto, la flessibilità metabolica, la plasticità nell’allocazione dell’ATP e un costante apporto trofico rappresentano elementi determinanti per la fitness complessiva della specie.
Effects of seawater acidification on the physiological performance of the intertidal gastropod Phorcus articulatus
LIBRALESSO, CHIARA
2025/2026
Abstract
Oceanic uptake of increasingly massive anthropogenic CO₂ emissions is causing a progressive decrease in seawater pH, a phenomenon known as Ocean Acidification (OA). Among the primary consequences is the reduced availability of carbonate ions (CO₃²⁻), which impairs the construction and maintenance of calcified structures in marine calcifiers. Their physiology is likewise altered, requiring a reallocation of energy resources to cope with internal pH disturbances. Evaluating the variability of physiological, as well as structural, responses among calcifying organisms is therefore essential to identify tolerant species and assess the broader ecosystem-scale impacts of OA.The present study investigated the physiological response of the intertidal gastropod Phorcus articulatus, collected from the Venice Lagoon, following a two-month exposure to acidified conditions (pH 7.7). To this end, three key physiological parameters were evaluated (respiration rate, ammonia excretion rate, and ingestion rate), which were differentially affected by the treatment. Specifically, the significant increase in respiration rate under acidified conditions suggests the activation of a physiological strategy based on active ion-compensation mechanisms. Conversely, ammonia excretion showed no significant differences but only an increasing trend, suggesting a role in acid-base regulation rather than enhanced protein catabolism. The ingestion rate also remained virtually unchanged in individuals exposed to acidification, supporting active ion homeostasis rather than a response based on metabolic depression. Overall, these results suggest that P. articulatus is capable of coping with reduced pH conditions in the short term. Nevertheless, such responses do not guarantee its long-term persistence, where the maintenance of such metabolic strategies could prove detrimental; in this scenario, metabolic flexibility, plasticity in ATP allocation, and a constant food supply represent decisive factors determining the overall fitness of the species.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/114808