β-glucosyl-sitosterol (BSSG) is a plant-derived molecule that has been associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as the complex pathology ALS-PDC (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-Parkinsonism Dementia Complex), as a possible environmental risk factor. This molecule consists of a steroid core, β-sitosterol, linked via a glycosidic bond to a glucose residue, which increases its water solubility compared to free sitosterol, thereby modifying its chemical properties and its capacity to interact with cell membranes and cellular compartments, potentially affecting cellular homeostasis. In this thesis project, zebrafish (Danio rerio) was used as a model organism to investigate the effects of BSSG exposure on mitochondrial function, on the regulation of the hypoxia response pathway, and on neuronal hemoglobin levels, with the aim of identifying a possible mode of action underlying its detrimental impact on the central nervous system. The analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential was thus followed by the analysis of the hypoxic response through the transgenic line Tg(HRE:GFP), and finally by the study of heme levels, a molecule essential for oxygen transport and the regulation of intracellular iron levels, whose homeostasis is required to ensure the proper functioning of cells with particularly high energy metabolism, such as neurons. The results obtained support an effect of BSSG on the regulation of the hypoxia response pathway and on the alteration of neuronal hemoglobin homeostasis, contributing to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying BSSG-induced neurodegeneration.
Il β-glucosil-sitosterolo (BSSG) è una molecola di origine vegetale che è stata associata allo sviluppo di malattie neurodegenerative quali la patologia complessa ALS-PDC (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-Parkinsonism Dementia Complex) in quanto possibile fattore di rischio ambientale. Questa molecola è costituita da un nucleo steroideo, il β- sitosterolo, legato tramite legame glicosidico a un residuo di glucosio, che ne aumenta la solubilità in acqua rispetto al sitosterolo libero, modificandone le proprietà chimiche e la capacità di interazione con le membrane e i compartimenti cellulari, influenzando potenzialmente l’omeostasi cellulare. In questo progetto di tesi è stato utilizzato lo zebrafish (Danio rerio) come organismo modello per indagare gli effetti dell'esposizione a BSSG sulla funzionalità mitocondriale, sulla regolazione del pathway di risposta all’ipossia e sui livelli di emoglobina neuronale, con lo scopo di individuare una possibile modalità di azione che determini il suo impatto deleterio sul sistema nervoso centrale. All’analisi del potenziale di membrana mitocondriale è quindi seguita l’analisi della risposta all’ipossia grazie alla linea transgenica Tg(HRE:GFP) ed infine lo studio dei livelli di eme, molecola fondamentale per il trasporto dell’ossigeno e la regolazione dei livelli di ferro intracellulare, la cui omeostasi è necessaria a garantire il corretto funzionamento di cellule dal metabolismo energetico particolarmente elevato, come i neuroni. I risultati ottenuti supportano un effetto del BSSG sulla regolazione del pathway di risposta all’ipossia e nell'alterazione dell'omeostasi dell'emoglobina neuronale, contribuendo a chiarire i meccanismi molecolari alla base della neurodegenerazione indotta da questa molecola.
Effetti dell'esposizione a b-glucosil-sitosterolo (BSSG) sulla risposta all'ipossia in zebrafish: implicazioni per la neurodegenerazione
ZOCCATELLI, MARIA
2025/2026
Abstract
β-glucosyl-sitosterol (BSSG) is a plant-derived molecule that has been associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as the complex pathology ALS-PDC (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-Parkinsonism Dementia Complex), as a possible environmental risk factor. This molecule consists of a steroid core, β-sitosterol, linked via a glycosidic bond to a glucose residue, which increases its water solubility compared to free sitosterol, thereby modifying its chemical properties and its capacity to interact with cell membranes and cellular compartments, potentially affecting cellular homeostasis. In this thesis project, zebrafish (Danio rerio) was used as a model organism to investigate the effects of BSSG exposure on mitochondrial function, on the regulation of the hypoxia response pathway, and on neuronal hemoglobin levels, with the aim of identifying a possible mode of action underlying its detrimental impact on the central nervous system. The analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential was thus followed by the analysis of the hypoxic response through the transgenic line Tg(HRE:GFP), and finally by the study of heme levels, a molecule essential for oxygen transport and the regulation of intracellular iron levels, whose homeostasis is required to ensure the proper functioning of cells with particularly high energy metabolism, such as neurons. The results obtained support an effect of BSSG on the regulation of the hypoxia response pathway and on the alteration of neuronal hemoglobin homeostasis, contributing to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying BSSG-induced neurodegeneration.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/114828