Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune and neurodegenerative disease characterized by complex clinical heterogeneity. Despite the efficacy of current disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), they still present limitations in counteracting chronic, compartmentalized neuroinflammation in the central nervous system. This paper analyzes key biotechnological and computational innovations reshaping the approach to MS diagnosis and treatment. It examines the emerging role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as an integrative diagnostic and predictive tool capable of processing magnetic resonance imaging and multi-omic datasets, thereby aiding in patient stratification and personalized therapeutic strategies. In parallel, the paper explores the development of novel cell therapies, focusing on CAR-T cells and stem cell-based strategies such as autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). While aHSCT aims to reboot the immune system following immunoablation and CAR-T cells enable selective targeting of specific cell populations involved in the autoimmune response, MSCs are being investigated for their immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties, including the modulation of microglial activation. Overall, the future integration of AI-driven predictive tools and novel cellular strategies could foster a shift from controlling disease activity toward increasingly personalized approaches that address the mechanisms underlying progression and neurological damage.
La sclerosi multipla (SM) è una patologia cronica autoimmune e neurodegenerativa caratterizzata da una complessa eterogeneità clinica. Nonostante l'efficacia delle attuali terapie modificanti la malattia (disease-modifying therapies, DMT), queste presentano limiti nel contrastare la neuroinfiammazione cronica compartimentalizzata nel sistema nervoso centrale. Questo elaborato analizza alcune delle principali innovazioni biotecnologiche e informatiche che stanno ridefinendo l'approccio alla diagnosi e alla cura della SM. Viene esaminato il ruolo emergente dell'Intelligenza Artificiale (IA) come strumento diagnostico e predittivo, capace di elaborare dati derivanti dall'imaging di risonanza magnetica e dai dataset multi-omici, contribuendo alla stratificazione dei pazienti e alla personalizzazione delle strategie terapeutiche. Parallelamente, l’elaborato approfondisce lo sviluppo di nuove terapie cellulari come le cellule CAR-T e le strategie basate sulle cellule staminali, quali il trapianto di cellule staminali (aHSCT) e l’impiego di cellule stromali mesenchimali (MSC). Mentre l’aHSCT mira alla ricostituzione del sistema immunitario dopo immunoablazione e le CAR-T consentono di colpire selettivamente specifiche popolazioni cellulari coinvolte nella risposta autoimmune, le MSC sono studiate per le loro potenziali proprietà immunomodulatorie e neuroprotettive, inclusa la modulazione dell’attivazione microgliale. Nel complesso, la futura integrazione tra strumenti predittivi basati sull’IA e nuove strategie cellulari potrebbe favorire il passaggio da un approccio prevalentemente rivolto al controllo dell’attività di malattia verso strategie sempre più personalizzate, capaci di intervenire anche sui meccanismi responsabili della progressione e del danno neurologico.
Nuove terapie biologiche per la cura della Sclerosi Multipla
VERONESE, LEONARDO
2025/2026
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune and neurodegenerative disease characterized by complex clinical heterogeneity. Despite the efficacy of current disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), they still present limitations in counteracting chronic, compartmentalized neuroinflammation in the central nervous system. This paper analyzes key biotechnological and computational innovations reshaping the approach to MS diagnosis and treatment. It examines the emerging role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as an integrative diagnostic and predictive tool capable of processing magnetic resonance imaging and multi-omic datasets, thereby aiding in patient stratification and personalized therapeutic strategies. In parallel, the paper explores the development of novel cell therapies, focusing on CAR-T cells and stem cell-based strategies such as autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). While aHSCT aims to reboot the immune system following immunoablation and CAR-T cells enable selective targeting of specific cell populations involved in the autoimmune response, MSCs are being investigated for their immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties, including the modulation of microglial activation. Overall, the future integration of AI-driven predictive tools and novel cellular strategies could foster a shift from controlling disease activity toward increasingly personalized approaches that address the mechanisms underlying progression and neurological damage.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/114902