Ferroptosis is a type of regulated cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation that has assumed an important role in neurodegenerative diseases. In this context, the term neuroferroptosis is used to indicate ferroptotic processes occurring at the level of the nervous system. This thesis analyzes the methods and results of the study “Genome-wide CRISPRi/a screens in human neurons link lysosomal failure to ferroptosis”, which, through genome-wide CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) and CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) screens in neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), identifies genes involved in neuronal survival. Furthermore, through the development of semi-physiological culture media, it was possible to observe a new role of ferroptosis in cultured neurons.The genes PSAP and NQO1 were identified as important regulators of neuroferroptosis: loss of function of the PSAP gene promotes its onset, while overexpression of the NQO1 gene, contrary to its expected cytoprotective role, is associated with a reduction in neuronal survival. The thesis highlights the contribution of modern genome-editing technologies to the study of the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration; furthermore, it emphasizes how the identification of genes regulating neuroferroptosis contributes to the understanding of the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and to the development of new targeted therapeutic strategies.
La ferroptosi è una tipologia di morte cellulare regolata caratterizzata dalla perossidazione lipidica dipendente dal ferro che ha assunto un importante ruolo nelle malattie neurodegenerative. In tale contesto, si parla di neuroferroptosi indicando i processi ferroptotici a livello del sistema nervoso. Il presente elaborato analizza i metodi ed i risultati dello studio “Genome-wide CRISPRi/a screens in human neurons link lysosomal failure to ferroptosis” il quale, tramite screening genomici CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) e CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) in neuroni derivati da cellule staminali pluripotenti indotte umane (iPSC), identifica i geni coinvolti nella sopravvivenza neuronale. Mediante lo sviluppo di terreni semi-fisiologici, è stato inoltre possibile osservare un nuovo ruolo della ferroptosi nei neuroni coltivati. Sono stati individuati i geni PSAP e NQO1 come importanti regolatori della neuroferroptosi: la perdita di funzione del gene PSAP ne favorisce l’insorgenza e l’ iperespressione del gene NQO1, contrariamente al suo ruolo citoprotettivo atteso, risulta essere associata ad una riduzione della sopravvivenza neuronale. L’elaborato evidenzia il contributo delle moderne tecnologie di editing genomico per lo studio dei meccanismi molecolari alla base della neurodegenerazione; sottolinea, inoltre, come l’identificazione dei geni regolatori della neuroferroptosi contribuisca alla comprensione della patogenesi delle malattie neurodegenerative ed allo sviluppo di nuove strategie terapeutiche mirate.
Analisi di screening genomici mediante CRISPRi/a in neuroni derivati da cellule staminali pluripotenti indotte umane (iPSC): identificazione dei geni PSAP e NQO1 come regolatori della neuroferroptosi.
SEGATO, ANNA LAURA
2025/2026
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of regulated cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation that has assumed an important role in neurodegenerative diseases. In this context, the term neuroferroptosis is used to indicate ferroptotic processes occurring at the level of the nervous system. This thesis analyzes the methods and results of the study “Genome-wide CRISPRi/a screens in human neurons link lysosomal failure to ferroptosis”, which, through genome-wide CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) and CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) screens in neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), identifies genes involved in neuronal survival. Furthermore, through the development of semi-physiological culture media, it was possible to observe a new role of ferroptosis in cultured neurons.The genes PSAP and NQO1 were identified as important regulators of neuroferroptosis: loss of function of the PSAP gene promotes its onset, while overexpression of the NQO1 gene, contrary to its expected cytoprotective role, is associated with a reduction in neuronal survival. The thesis highlights the contribution of modern genome-editing technologies to the study of the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration; furthermore, it emphasizes how the identification of genes regulating neuroferroptosis contributes to the understanding of the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and to the development of new targeted therapeutic strategies.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/114990